Lecture 2- French Revolution and the Enlightenment Flashcards
(15 cards)
What was the outcome of the execution of Louis XVI?
Foundation of the French First Republic in 1793
This marked a significant turning point in the French Revolution and the transition to republicanism.
What major influence did the French Revolution have on modern history?
Influence on revolutionary movements and modern nationalism
The principles established during this time laid the groundwork for liberal democracy.
What are the fundamental principles established by the French Revolution?
Liberal democracy principles
These principles include concepts like liberty, equality, and fraternity.
Define the Enlightenment in the context of the French Revolution.
A period of new ideas that shaped revolutionary thought
It was characterized by a focus on reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority.
What is the traditional Whiggish view of the Enlightenment?
Enlightenment leads to Revolution
This view posits that Enlightenment ideas directly caused the revolutionary events.
True or False: The Enlightenment is solely a historiographical concept.
False
While it requires research and analysis, contemporaries recognized significant changes occurring during this period.
What phrase did D’Alembert use to describe the Enlightenment?
L’Age des Lumieres
This phrase reflects the Enlightenment’s emphasis on reason and knowledge.
Who is associated with the phrase ‘Sapere Aude’?
Immanuel Kant
This phrase translates to ‘Have the courage to use your own understanding’ and is a key motto of the Enlightenment.
Fill in the blank: ‘Man is the sole point from which to begin, and to which all must be brought back…’ is a quote from _______.
Denis Diderot
This quote emphasizes the importance of human experience and perspective in understanding nature.
What societal structures did Rousseau argue originated from civil society?
Social hierarchies, repression, aggression, warfare, selfishness, and moral corruption
Rousseau believed these issues arose as a consequence of the development of civil society.
What is the basis of Rousseau’s political philosophy?
Social contract between the people and rulers
Rousseau argues that people have the right to reject a ruler and form a new social contract.
What did Raynal’s ‘Philosophical and Political History of European Settlements in the Two Indies’ argue against?
Slavery on moral, social, and economic grounds
This work is an example of Enlightenment thought opposing slavery.
Who were some important proto-feminist writers during the Enlightenment?
- Lady Mary Wortley Montague
- Mary Wollstonecraft
- Olympe de Gouges
These writers challenged gender norms and advocated for women’s rights.
Fill in the blank: ‘Man is born free, and everywhere he is in ______.’
chains
This quote from Rousseau’s ‘Social Contract’ highlights the paradox of freedom in society.
What does Rousseau suggest about women’s roles in society in ‘Emile, Or On Education’?
Women are made to please and be in subjection to man
This reflects the controversial views on gender roles during the Enlightenment.
