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BIOL 366 > Lecture 19- Food Webs III > Flashcards

Lecture 19- Food Webs III Flashcards

1
Q

Community struture focuses on what two interactions?

A
  1. Intraspecific interactions
  2. Interspecific interactions
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2
Q

What is intraspecific interactions?

A

Occur within a species and more related to behavior

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3
Q

What is interspecific competition?

A

Occur between species and changes over time

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4
Q

What is competition?

A
  • (-/-)
  • The interaction can be detremental to both species
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5
Q

What is predation, herbivory and parasitism?

A
  • (+/-)
  • The interaction is beneficial to one but detrimental to the other
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6
Q

What is mutalism?

A
  • (+/+)
  • The interaction is beneficial to both species
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7
Q

What is commensalism?

A
  • (+/0)
  • The interaction is beneficial to one species and the other species is unaffected by it
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8
Q

What is an autotroph?

A
  • Self nourished
  • Organisms that assimilate energy from either sunlight (green plants) or inorganic compounds
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9
Q

What is a heterotroph?

A
  • Nourished by others
  • Organisms that use organic materials as a source of energy and nutrients
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10
Q

What does a photoautotroph do?

A

Aquires energy from sunlight

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11
Q

What is an example of a photoautotroph?

A

Plant, algae, biocrusts

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12
Q

What does a chemoautotroph do?

A

Acquires energy from oxidation of hydrogen, sulfide, methane, ammonia

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13
Q

What are some examples of chemoautotrophs?

A

Prokaryotes, bacteria

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14
Q

What is a herbivore?

A

An organism that consumes living plants or their parts

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15
Q

What is a carnivore?

A

An organism that kills and eats other organisms or parts of it

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16
Q

What is an omnivore?

A

An organism with a broad diet that feeds on more than one trophic level

17
Q

How do we create a food web?

A
  • Direct observation of feeding behaviours (remains of prey, trail cameras)
  • Dietary analysis (scat analysis, stable isotope analysis)
18
Q

Why would you use a predator as a ecosystem indicator?

A
  • Apex predator are long-lived and wide range
  • Dietary habitats represent prey population dynamics
  • Changes in prey availability affect abundance, distribution and changes in lower trophic levels
19
Q

Scat analysis allows for?

A
  • Allows for high sample size
  • Can collect over broad temporal and spatial ranges
20
Q

What are some drawbacks of scat analysis?

A
  • Biased towards large, hard bodied prey
  • May be hard to find
  • Cannot trace back to individual behaviours
21
Q

What happens in carnivore scat analysis?

A
  • Dissection of scat to identify hair and bone fragments
  • Can use eDNA to determine species preyed on
22
Q

What happens in herbivore scat analysis?

A

Based on eDNA of plants in scat

23
Q

Tissue analysis allows for?

A

Allows for analysis of diet over time

24
Q

Tissue analysis can be determined by?

A
  • Hair
  • Nails
  • Fat
  • Blood
25
Q

What are the two types of tissue analysis?

A
  • Fatty acid signature analysis
  • Stable isotope analysis
26
Q

What is fatty acid signature analysis?

A
  • Analyze lipid signitures of prey species
  • Long chain fatty acids remain largely unchanged through trophic levels (absorbed and deposited in predator tissue)
27
Q

Describe the process of fatty acid signature analysis

A
  • What is the preys fatty acid signiture? Confirm whether they’re distinct
  • What combinations of prey would result in the fatty acid signature of the predator?
28
Q

Stable isotope analysis can be done through the collection of?

A

Blood, tissue, hair

29
Q

An omnivore diet analysis can be done with what analysis?

A

Stable isotope analysis to show specialized diet between individuals

30
Q

What are the groups of isotopes used in stable isotope analysis?

A
  • 12C and 13C
  • 14N and 15N
  • 13C and 15N

BIOL 366 (33 decks)

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