Lecture 1b: Mend. Inheritance and Chromosome Transmission

Question 1

congenital analgesia is a __ trait in humans

Answer 1

recessive (homologous)

Question 2

Two individuals heterozygous for the
congenetal analgesia plan
to start a family and want to have 3 kids.
What is the probability that all three
of the couple’s children will
have congenital analgesia?
Pp x Pp

Answer 2

1. Individual probability: 1/4
2. For three kids: 1/4 x 1/4 x 1/4= 1/64

Question 3

Usually contain a single type of circular chromosome

Answer 3

Prokaryotes

Question 4

Regulates nutrient uptake and waste excretion

Answer 4

Cytoplasm

Question 5

Chromosomes in prokaryotes are found where

Answer 5

nucleoids

Question 6

Outside the membrane of prokaryotes there is a

Answer 6

rigid cell wall

Question 7

Doesn’t contain a nucleus

Answer 7

Prokaryotes

Question 8

Reproduce Asexually by Binary Fission

Answer 8

Prokaryotes

Question 9

Then the cell divides into two daughter cells by a process termed

Answer 9

binary fission

Question 10

Function of FtsZ protein

Answer 10

recruits proteins to create a new cell wall

Question 11

Contains most of the genetic material in the form of linear chromosomes

Answer 11

Eukaryotes

Question 12

Have membrane-bounded organelles with specific functions

Answer 12

Eukaryotes

Question 13

The field of genetics that involves the microscopic examination of chromosomes

Answer 13

cytogenetics

Question 14

Cytogenetics allows what to occur?

Answer 14

the detection of individuals with abnormal chromosome number or structure

Question 15

provides a way to distinguish between two closely-related species

Answer 15

Cytogenetics

Question 16

A karyotype is the ___ chromosomes photographed and arranged from
largest to smallest.

Answer 16

mitotic

Question 17

Chromosomes are told apart about

Answer 17

banding patterns

Question 18

Karyotypes are rarely seen in what phase

Answer 18

anaphase

Question 19

Karyotypes, banding patterns, are more visible in ___ than ___

Answer 19

prometaphase, metaphase

Question 20

A human chromosome has, on average, about

Answer 20

1,100 genes

Question 21

Members of a pair of chromosomes are called

Answer 21

homologues

Question 22

The two chromosomes in a homologous pair are

Answer 22

same size and same genes, dif alleles

Question 23

Since different chromosomes can be about the same size and have about the same centromere position, chromosomes are treated with stains to produce characteristic banding patterns: Example….

Answer 23

G-banding

Question 24

In G-bandings, chromosomes are exposed to what dye

Answer 24

Giemsa

Question 25

What regions are stained well and what regions don't bind to the stain well

Answer 25

Well: dark bands Not well: Light bands

Question 26

Giemsa binds ___ to stain chromosomes

Answer 26

DNA

Question 27

Banding patterns in prometaphase vs. metaphase

Answer 27

Prometaphase: longer bands and darker stains

Question 28

At the centromere of a chromsome, intense compacted areas have what colored bands

Answer 28

lighter

Question 29

have more bands than metaphase chromosomes because chromosomes continue to be condensed during the progression of mitosis

Answer 29

prometaphase chromosomes

Question 30

Chromosomes only have a rod shape in

Answer 30

mitosis

Question 31

In interphase: G1, S, G2 is what percent DNA and protein

Answer 31

50% both

Question 32

Mitosis has what percent protein and DNA

Answer 32

Protein: 2/3 DNA: 1/3

Question 33

Chromatids are made up of

Answer 33

dna and proteins

Question 34

All cells in your body, most besides gamete, are

Answer 34

2n

Question 35

The 2n cell is replicating its DNA to become

Answer 35

4n

Question 36

cell in the GO and G2 phase are

Answer 36

not dividing

Question 37

Cell enters replication as ___, then into G2 as ___, then in mitosis it __

Answer 37

2n, 4n, splits into 2n

Question 38

Mitotic spindle is made up of

Answer 38

microtubules

Question 39

Pairs of sister chromatids align themselves along a plane in what phase

Answer 39

metaphase

Question 40

In metaphase, each pair of chromatids is attached to both poles by

Answer 40

kinetochore microtubules

Question 41

The connection holding the sister chromatids together is broken in what phase

Answer 41

anaphase

Question 42

Each chromatid, now an individual chromosome, is linked to only one pole in what phase

Answer 42

anaphase

Question 43

Kinetochores MTs shorten and chromosomes move to opposite poles

Answer 43

Anaphase

Question 44

Chromosomes reach their respective poles and decondense and Nuclear membrane reforms to form two separate nuclei

Answer 44

Telophase

Question 45

Cytokinesis in plants vs. animals

Answer 45

In animals: formation of a cleavage furrow In plants: formation of a cell plate

Question 46

In mitosis, the two daughter cells are ___

Answer 46

genetically identical to each other

Question 47

ensures genetic consistency from one cell to the next

Answer 47

mitosis

Question 48

The development of multicellularity relies on the repeated process of

Answer 48

mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 49

The process of forming gametes

Answer 49

gametogenesis

Question 50

what is produced meiosis

Answer 50

haploid (1n) cells are produced from diploid (2n) cells

Question 51

Like mitosis, meiosis begins after a cell has progressed through

Answer 51

interphase of the cell cycle

Question 52

Unlike mitosis, meiosis involves ___ successive divisions

Answer 52

two

Question 53

are organized along the metaphase plate

Answer 53

bivalents

Question 54

Pairs of sister chromatids are aligned in a ___ row, rather than a ___ row (as in mitosis)

Answer 54

double. single

Question 55

The orientation in meiosis I is

Answer 55

random

Question 56

During anaphase of meiosis I, two pairs of sister chromatids separate from each other. The connection that holds sister chromatids together...

Answer 56

does not break

Question 57

Meiosis II occurs when?

Answer 57

telophase and cytokinesis

Question 58

In spermatogensis, with meiosis I begins with ____ and ends with ____ In meiosis II, it begins with ___ and ends with ____

Answer 58

4n to 2n 2n to n

Question 59

Unlike spermatogenesis, the cytokinesis in oogenesis is

Answer 59

asymmetric

Question 60

In oogensis, what is the product

Answer 60

1 egg and 3 polar bodies

Question 61

In spermatogensis, the products are...

Answer 61

4 haploid sperm cells