Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Genetics > Lecture 1a: Mendelian inheritance > Flashcards

Lecture 1a: Mendelian inheritance Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What theory: all parts of the body make seeds that are then collected and transmitted to offspring

A

Theory of Pangenesis (Hippocrates)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What theory: a tiny human called a homunculus (little man) in a sperm. Father entirely responsible for inheritance. Resemblence to mom comes from womb influences.

A

Spermists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What theory: Mom’s egg entirely responsible for inheritance. Sperm only stimulates egg to develop.

A

Ovists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What theory: Factors that dictate inheritance mix together from generation to generation.

A

Blending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Father of genetics

A

Mendel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mendel attributed his work to…

A

physics, laws, and grafting trees (precision of detail)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

is a plant or animal that has reproductive organs normally associated with both male and female genders

A

Hermaphordite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Examples of hermaphrodites

A

snails and plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mendel studied what plant and why

A

Pea plants:
1. different varieties. with different characteristics
2. allowed easy crosses where parents can be controlled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Contain the pollen grains, where the male gametes are produced

A

anther

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pollen, produced by athers, floats to another plant or sticks to a ___

A

stigma (self-fertilize)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Provide food for the embryo

A

endosperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many sperms/nucleus are in the pollen tube

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pollen tube grows into a

A

micropyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In fertilization of pollen with sperm, 1 sperm ___ and another sperm ___

A

fertilizes egg (zygote 2n)
fertilizes diploid (endosperm 3n)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mendel carried out what two types of crosses?

A

Self fertilization (scissors)
cross fertilization (paint brush)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pollen and egg are derived from dif plants in ___ to produce seeds

A

cross fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The mating or crossing between two individuals that have different characteristics

A

hybridization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The offspring that result from such a mating

A

Hybrids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The morphological characteristics of an organism are termed

A

characteristics or traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A variety that produces the same trait over several generations is termed a

A

true breeder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Example of a true breeder

A

only making dwarf plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many traits did Mendel study? Each trait showed how many variants?

24
Q

The seed color of a pea: green or yellow–What is mutant?

25
Mendel first crossed only two variants of 1 trait at a time: What kind of cross
Monohybrid
26
Even though a tall plant has TT, in a cross it only gives off...
One T
27
When Mendel crosses a tall and dwarf plant, F1 was ____. The F1 generation then self fertilizes to produce F2 generation. The ratio of this was __.
Tt (tall), 3:1
28
From Mendels monohybrid cross, he concluded that...
2 copies of inheritance and every plant has 2 copies
29
The two copies of a gene segregate (or separate) from each other during transmission from parent to offspring
Mendel's law of segregation
30
The two hereditary factors a pea plant contains from each parent may be the same or different. If different, one is ___ and the other is ___
dominant and recessive
31
During gamete (sperm and egg) formation, the paired factors segregate ____
Randomly
32
Mendels results of 3:1 ratio of the two parental traits refuted what theory? Suggested what theory instead?
refuted a blending mechanism of heredity; particulate theory of inheritance
33
Completely Defective copies of genes are called...
“loss of function alleles”
34
Mendel’s ‘factors’ are now called
genes
35
different versions of the same gene
Alleles
36
An individual with two identical alleles of a gene is termed... An individual with two different alleles of a gene, is termed
homozygous heterozygous
37
refers to the specific allelic composition of an individual
Genotype
38
refers to the outward appearance of an individual
Phenotype
39
an intact fully functional copy/allele/version of a gene
Wild Type allele
40
a totally non-functional allele
Null allele
41
enables one to predict the outcome of simple genetic crosses
Punnett square
42
Crossing individual plants that differ in two traits
Dihybrid Cross
43
Mendel reasoned that seed texture and color could either come from
the same inheritance particle or from separate inheritance particles
44
In a dihybrid cross, what is the ratio
9:3:3:1
45
The traits of color and smoothness arrived from
different inheritance factors or genes
46
During gamete formation, the segregation of any pair of hereditary determinants is ___ of the segregation of other pairs because ___
independent, on different chromosomes
47
The accuracy of the probability prediction depends largely on the
size of the sample
48
Random sampling error is large for ___ and small for ___
small samples, large samples
49
The probability that one OR the other of two mutually exclusive outcomes will occur is the sum of their respective probabilities
Sum Rule
50
Example of sum rule
You have a 14% chance of dying of cancer You have a 17% chance of dying of heart disease You, therefore, have a 14 + 17 = 31% chance of dying from cancer or heart disease
51
The probability of getting either one of two mutually exclusive events is the...
sum of the two probabilities
52
When rolling a dice, getting a 5 or a 2 are what kind of events
mutually exclusive events
53
the probability of rolling a “5” is 1/6 the probability of rolling a “2” is 1/6 The probability of rolling a 5 or a 2 is...
1/6 + 1/6 = 2/6 = 1/3
54
The probability an outcome involving one gene and another outcome involving another gene will occur at the same time is equal to the....
product of their respective probabilities
55
Ry vs. rY vs. ry vs. RY
Ry: round and green rY: wrinkled and yellow ry: green and wrinkled RY: round and yellow

Genetics (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions