lecture 2 Flashcards
(23 cards)
____ and ___ are key adaptations for life on land
seeds and pollen grains
what type of seeds are found in gymnosperms
naked seeds, and typically on cones
what is a seed
an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat
in addition to seeds, what (4) else is common to all seed plants
- reduced gametophytes
- heterospory
- ovules
- pollen
what does an ovule consist of
consists of megasporangium, megaspore, and 1 or more protective layers
what is the name for sporophyte tissues (protective layers in an ovule)
integuments
gymnosperm megaspores have ______ integument(s), whereas angiosperm megaspores usually have ______ integument(s)
1, 2
microspores develop into ______
pollen grains
if a pollen grain germinates, it gives rise to a _____
pollen tube. (that discharges sperm into female gametophyte within ovule)
the zygote forms and develops into the ______ embryo
sporophyte embryo
what are the 4 phyla that make up the gymnosperms
- coniferophyta
- cycadophyta
- gingkophyta
- gnetophyta
all angiosperms are classified in a single phylum, ________.
anthophyta
a flower can consist of up to 4 types of modified leaves:
- sepals
- petals
- stamen
- carpels
what is a sepal
a modified leaf that encloses the flower
what is a petal?
brightly coloured modified leaf that attracts pollinators
what is a stamen
consists of a stalk (filament), with an anther where pollen is produced
what is a carpel?
consists of an ovary at the base of a flower, and a style leading up to a stigma, where pollen is received.
what makes a flower an incomplete flower
missing one or more of sepal, petals, stamens, or carpels
which of the following is most important in making the typical seed more resistant to adverse conditions than the typical spore?
a. different type of sporopollenin
b. internal reservoir of liquid water
c. integument(s)
d. ability to be dispersed
e. waxy cuticle
c
what are the largest groups of monocots
orchids, grasses, palms
monocot characteristics (6)
- one cotyledon embryos
- leaf veins usually parallel
- vascular tissue is scattered
- root system is usually fibrous (no main root/Taproot)
- pollen grain with 1 opening
- floral organs usually in multiples of 3
eudicot characteristics(6)
- two cotyledon embryos
- netlike veins
- vascular tissues are usually arranged in a ring
- taproot usually present
- pollen grain with 3 openings
- floral organs usually in multiples of 4 or 5
what are some of the basal angiosperms
amborella trichopoda, water lilies, star anise
