Lecture 2

Question 1

discovery of nutrients

Answer 1

scurvy experiments, lemons and oranges cured it

Question 2

DRI

Answer 2

average amount of energy of nutrients individuals should consume PER DAY to stay healthy

Question 3

why do we need to stay healthy

Answer 3

reduces risk of chronic diseases, prevents under or over nutrition, supports health when nutritional needs are altered

Question 4

nutrient intake recommendations

Answer 4

EAR, RDA, AI, UL

Question 5

energy intake recommendations

Answer 5

EER, AMDR

Question 6

EAR

Answer 6

estimated average requirement

Question 7

RDA

Answer 7

recommended daily allowance

Question 8

AI

Answer 8

adequate intake

Question 9

UL

Answer 9

tolerable upper level intake

Question 10

EER

Answer 10

estimated energy requirement

Question 11

AMDR

Answer 11

acceptable macronutrient distribution range

Question 12

EAR definition

Answer 12

estimating the needs of populations, must meet a 50% threshold

Question 13

RDA definition

Answer 13

adding 2x the standard deviation to the EAR, meets about 97% of the needs of the population

Question 14

UL definition

Answer 14

set well above the needs of the population, estimates the maximum level of intake unlikely to pose toxicity

Question 15

AI definition

Answer 15

used when scientific evidence is insufficient, set by observational intake by healthy individuals

Question 16

two types of DRI’s

Answer 16

nutrient intake recommendations and energy intake recommendations

Question 17

EER definition

Answer 17

average dietary energy intake to maintain energy balance

Question 18

EER calculation

Answer 18

total energy expenditure + energy deposition

Question 19

total energy expenditure

Answer 19

thermic affect of food, basal metabolic rate, thermoregulation

Question 20

energy deposition

Answer 20

sex, age, physical activity levels, growth, lactation

Question 21

AMDR definition

Answer 21

expressed as a percentage, total energy intake from macronutrients

Question 22

AMDR recommendations

Answer 22

45-60% : carbs, 20-35%: fat, 10-35%: protein

Question 23

DGA

Answer 23

dietary guidelines for americans, detailed report for professionals, goals are to promote health, prevent chronic disease, and provide tools to monitor food intake

Question 24

my plate

Answer 24

a nutritional guide for the general public to monitor food intake per meal

Question 25

what effects fertility status

Answer 25

genetic disorders, environment, biological/anatomical issues, age, behavior

Question 26

fertility

Answer 26

actual production of children

Question 27

fecundity

Answer 27

biological capacity to produce children

Question 28

infertility

Answer 28

difficulties to conceive children, repeated pregnancy losses

Question 29

abnormal hormone production

Answer 29

impacts fertility status, conditions that impact: hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary, testes, adipose tissue, protein synthesis

Question 30

hormone imbalance effects

Answer 30

menstrual cycle, ovulation, sperm production, integrity of eggs and sperm

Question 31

estrogen

Answer 31

Increases bloody supply in endometrium; Triggers release of GnRH, LH, FSH

Question 32

progesterone

Answer 32

Prepares endometrium for pregnancy; Allows fertilization to occur; Prepares uterus for implantation; Decrease maternal immune response at implantation

Question 33

FSH

Answer 33

Stimulates production of estrogen, maturation of follicles

Question 34

GnRH - females

Answer 34

Stimulates production of FSH, LH

Question 35

LH - men

Answer 35

Triggers ovulation (release of egg); Stimulates production of progesterone

Question 36

testosterone

Answer 36

sperm production

Question 37

GnRH - men

Answer 37

stimulates LH production

Question 38

LH - men

Answer 38

stimulates testosterone production