Lecture 2 Flashcards
(14 cards)
What are the key brain regions that form the biological basis of PEN
- Reticular formation & ARAS
- Cortex
- Limbic system
What is the brain circuit linked to extraversion and what is its role?
Reticulo-cortical circuit - Controls cortical arousal generated by incoming stimuli (typically more aroused in introverts)
What is the brain circuit linked to Neuroticism and what is its role?
Controls response to emotional stimuli (more aroused in N individuals when facing emotion-induced stimulation.
People (blank) in extraversion display (blank) levels of activity in the ARAS
Low, higher
What is the Jingle fallacy
When two different constructs are mistakenly considered to be the same because they have the same label.
What is the Jangle fallacy
When two identical constructs are mistakenly considered separate because they are labelled differently.
What are the key principles of Gray’s RST theory?
- Some people are highly sensitive to positive reinforcement so tend to seek rewards and positive experiences
- Others are highly sensitive to negative reinforcement and tend to avoid punishment and negative experiences
- Independent of each other so some might be sensitive to both punishment and reward.
What are the three independent systems proposed by Gray?
- BAS: Sensitivity to rewards and pleasant stimuli, Dopamine
- BIS: Sensitivity to punishment and aversive stimuli, Noradrenaline and serotonin
- FFS: Unconditioned responses and fear
What were the revisions made to Gray’s model in regards to the three systems?
BAS: Largely unchanged, sensitive to conditioned and unconditioned responses to reward.
Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS): Avoidance and escape system in threatening situations, sensitive to conditioned and unconditioned stimuli
BIS: Conflict Resolution between BAS and FFFs
What did Costa and McCrae (1994) find regarding temporal stability of PEN
- E+N both showed stability within subjects over 6-30 years
- E showed no substantial cross-sectional age differences
- N did show substantial cross-sectional age differences in women not men
- P not examined, but less stability generally reported
What was found regarding temporal stability of RST?
Test-retest reliability of BAS-BIS questionnaire were “acceptable” - Carver and white (1994)
What was found regarding similarity across species for PEN
Many but not all of 12 animal species studied displayed extrovert and neurotic behaviour
Similarity across species: RST
Rats have separate systems for controlling behaviour in response to rewarding and aversive stimuli (Gray, 1970)
What is relationship between extraversion and neuroticism and cortical thickness?
- Extraversion negatively correlated with cortical thickness in PF regions
- Neuroticism negatively correlated with cortical thickness in OFC (did not remain significant after controlling for gender)
