Lecture 5 Flashcards
What is Fluid Intelligence (Gf) ?
- Process independent of content or knowledge do,aim - e.g. executive control and working memory
- Seen as biologically instantiated in the PFC
- Declines with age
What is Crystal Intelligence? (Gc)
- Represents acquired knowledge e.g. prior experiences and facts
- Increases over lifespan
What is the Flynn effect?
- Genration rise in IQ by an average of ten points
- More substantial for Gf than Gc
- Varies across countries e.g. highest in Netherlands whereas the effect is reversed in Norway
What are some environmental factors that could potentially contribute to an increase in IQ?
- Internet and access to information
- Education
- Rising standards of living
- Group learning and studying
- Better nutrition
What is gene-environment matching?
- There is a gene-environment correlation - people seek out environments that match their phenotype
- The process by which the ability and the environment are matched, produce increases in that initial ability
- Thus environment increases genetic ability
What is averaging?
- Idea that as individuals’ ability rises, this will also influence those around them
- Such small effort over time will influence the population more widely
- Population average will increase
Outline the P-FIT model.
Step 1: Assumes that humans attend to and gather salient information via auditory and visual processes (Temporal and occipital lobes)
Step 2: Feed forward to parietal lobes for symbolism, abstraction and elaboration
Step 3: Parietal cortex interacts with frontal cortex for hypothesis testing of various solutions
Step 4: Anterior cingulate constrains response selection to inhibiting competition responses
What are trait complexes and what are the four identified by Ackerman & Heggestad (1997)
Idea that individual differences in intelligence, personality and interests do together to create coherent complexes
- Clerical Conventional
- Social
- Science Maths
- Intellectual Cultural
