Lecture 2

Question 1

Deductive approach is which method?

Answer 1

Quantitative

Question 2

Inductive approach is which method?

Answer 2

Qualitative

Question 3

Reasons why you would choose qual over quant

Answer 3

Gives voice to group of ppl on an issue
Gives detailed description of event/experiences
Develops theory
Interrogate meaning in texts
Identify discourses
Engage social critique

Question 4

We use data to do two things:

Answer 4

Answer research questions

Generate new understandings of phenomena in the world

Question 5

Naturalistic data is not…….at the point of collection

Answer 5

Coded, summarised or reduced

Question 6

Quantitative data is coded, summarised and reduced at

Answer 6

The point of collection

Question 7

When using productive data we develop criteria for two things:

Answer 7

How we generate the data

Who we have as participants

Question 8

What is a type of productive naturalistic data collection

Answer 8

Interview

Question 9

Selective naturalistic data is where you select

Answer 9

You material from existing material such as blogs or media reports

Question 10

Criteria for selective data is developed by

Answer 10

You selecting a particular example of instances which becomes your data

Question 11

An example of selective data?

Answer 11

Looking at women’s magazines articles on sex ie just the images

Question 12

What is thin data?

Answer 12

Access only the surface of a topic. Limited info

Question 13

What is rich data?

Answer 13

Offers more thoughtful, thorough and unexpected commentary on the topic

Question 14

In ecological validity data collection what does it mean by messiness of real life?

Answer 14

Pp often aren’t consistent. Points where they contradict themselves etc you have to make sense out of it

Question 15

Qualitative inquiry attempts to capture the…

Answer 15

Complexity, depth, detail and richness of a phenomen

Question 16

Why isn’t qualitative research concerned with generalisability?

Answer 16

Interested in making meaning from the data that are analysed. No one right answer.

Tells one story among many that could be told about that same data

Question 17

Story told in the research will be shaped by these 4 factors:

Answer 17

Questions asked
How data is collected
Who is telling the story
What their take is in that story

Question 18

Quantitative research is all about replication true or false?

Answer 18

True

Question 19

In qualitative research there is no assumption that the same story will ever be told. Why?

Answer 19

Knowledge comes from and making sense of the context from which the story was generated.

Question 20

Is replication a criterion for qualitative research?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

How do you make your research participant feel like they are a co-researcher ?

Answer 21

Member checking

Question 22

What is member checking?

Answer 22

When you double check things said etc with the participant. Ie give participant transcription and/or analysis of the interview

Question 23

When is member checking particularly important?

Answer 23

When the research aims to give the participants a ‘voice’

Question 24

Qualitative research uses research questions rather than attempting to

Answer 24

Confirm predictions from theory

Question 25

Qualitative does not:

Answer 25

Test hypotheses | Seek to make comparisons btwn groups

Question 26

qualitative methodologies are evaluated on 7 criteria...

Answer 26

``` Epistemological position Research q What constitutes data How data analysed Reflexivity Critical lango awareness How validity is judged ```

Question 27

GT and IPA are considered to be more

Answer 27

Experiential/realist

Question 28

The most constructionist approaches to qual research are

Answer 28

DA & FDA

Question 29

For grounded theory you need how many participants?

Answer 29

Multiple

Question 30

For data collection Grounded theory always uses

Answer 30

Interviews

Question 31

Big thing that differentiates narrative from memory work?

Answer 31

Narrative interested in the product of self construction whereas memory work interested in process that we use to build identity

Question 32

Out of the 6 different types of doing qual research there are how many types of data

Answer 32

4

Question 33

All 6 ways of doing qual research use different methods of

Answer 33

Collecting data

Question 34

More realist approaches are more likely to use what sort of data?

Answer 34

Productive

Question 35

More constructionist approaches use what sort of data?

Answer 35

Selective

Question 36

Gradual sampling in grounded theory means that

Answer 36

Research will go from the data to theory and vice versa. Cyclic

Question 37

What is saturation in grounded theory?

Answer 37

Happens where u analyse an interview and don't get any new themes. Already covered all themes in previous interviews

Question 38

Recommended size for GT interviews is

Answer 38

8-12

Question 39

In IPA purposive sampling refers to

Answer 39

Pick your sample with a purpose in mind.

Question 40

Different epistemologies of the approaches to qual research mean that different approaches to

Answer 40

Data analysis are employed in each approach

Question 41

Approaches that take a more realist position use data analysis techniques that are more

Answer 41

Quantitative

Question 42

Approaches that come from a more constructionist position use data analysis techniques that are based more on

Answer 42

Rhetorical analysis and linguistic deconstruction

Question 43

In data analysis All approaches in qual research use some form of

Answer 43

Data reduction or thematic analysis

Question 44

GT and IPA do the same thing in data analysis except that they

Answer 44

Use a completely different language to talk about it

Question 45

Reflexivity refers to

Answer 45

The topics we choose, our questions, the aspects of data that are important to us reflect who we are - our subjectivity. Hard to separate ourself from objects of inquiry

Question 46

To do science well we need to think carefully about our own

Answer 46

Subjectivity and we need to exercise reflexivity

Question 47

Reflexivity is also seem as our awareness of 2 things:

Answer 47

Our contribution to the constructions of meaning | The impossibility if remaining outside of subject matter while conducting research

Question 48

There are two types of reflexivity

Answer 48

Personal | Epistemological or functional

Question 49

Personal reflexivity is all about

Answer 49

YOU the researcher. Values, interests, beliefs etc how they have shaped the research

Question 50

Epistemological reflexivity is how

Answer 50

Assumptions made in the course of research affect research process findings, and interpretations

Question 51

In critical language awareness we look at two metaphors

Answer 51

Language as a mirror | Language as a construction yard

Question 52

Language as a mirror is what approach

Answer 52

Realist

Question 53

Language as a construction yard is from what approach?

Answer 53

Constructionist

Question 54

Language as a mirror means that

Answer 54

Language used is a direct reflection of reality. No attempt to unpack the language.

Question 55

Which approaches use language as a mirror?

Answer 55

Thematic analysis, GT, IPA

Question 56

Language as a construction yard mean that

Answer 56

Language is used to construct versions of things, ppl, ideas, events. Words are never simply neutral reflections of reality. Seen as influential choices that represent reality in selective ways

Question 57

Language as a construction yard is used in which approaches?

Answer 57

FDA, DA

Question 58

When used in qual research, Language as a construction yard is used to show:

Answer 58

How meanings are produced How meanings change across culture and time How meanings shape experience

Question 59

4 things that need to be made clear when doing research and thinking about validity

Answer 59

Research q Kind of knowledge generated Research method How findings address the research q

Question 60

In qualitative research evaluation of the quality of the research is assessed according to

Answer 60

Epistemological position

Question 61

Why is qualitative research evaluated differently according to each epistemological position?

Answer 61

Because each position asks different questions and different criteria