Lecture 2

Question 1

Another name for Mitosis

Answer 1

Somatic division- takes place throughout the body

Question 2

Where does Meiosis take place?

Answer 2

gonads

Question 3

What is chromatin a combination of?

Answer 3

deoxyribonucleic acid and histones (protein)

Question 4

just prior to cell division, what happens to chromatin?

Answer 4

coils and condenses to make chromosomes (comprising two chromatid)

Question 5

What are the two chromatids referred as?

Answer 5

sister chromatids

Question 6

centromere

Answer 6

where the sister chromatids are joined

Question 7

Steps of cell division

Answer 7

interphase (G1,S,G2), mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase), cytokinesis

Question 8

what happens in interphase?

Answer 8

the cell is carrying out everyday activities

Question 9

G1

Answer 9

protein synthesis taking place for daily activities

Question 10

S

Answer 10

DNA is replicated in preparation for mitosis

Question 11

G2

Answer 11

mitotic apparatus (centrioles) are produced

Question 12

Prophase of Mitosis

Answer 12

the nuclear membrane and the nucleolus disappear. Spindle fibers and centrioles become visible and chromosomes condense

Question 13

Metaphase of Mitosis

Answer 13

chromosomes line up along the center of the cell and centromeres attach to the spindle fibers

Question 14

Anaphase of Mitosis

Answer 14

chromosomes are pulled apart at the centromere towards opposite poles

Question 15

Telophase of Mitosis

Answer 15

nuclear membrane and nucleus and nucleolus reform. Chromosomes and spindle fibers disappear

Question 16

Cytokinesis

Answer 16

cellular organelles and the cytoplasm are divided between the two cells

Question 17

what type of cells does mitotic cell division take place in?

Answer 17

somatic cells

Question 18

What is the end result of meiosis?

Answer 18

4 gametes with half the number of chromosomes of a normal cell

Question 19

What is the first division of meiosis known as?

Answer 19

Reduction Division

Question 20

Prophase I of Meiosis I

Answer 20

homologous chromosomes pair and exchange genetic information between homologous chromosomes resulting in mixing of chromosomes

Question 21

Tetrad

Answer 21

homologous chromosome pairs

Question 22

crossing over

Answer 22

the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I of Meiosis I

Question 23

Metaphase I of Meiosis I

Answer 23

tetrads line up in the middle of the cell and spindle fibers attach to each centromere

Question 24

Anaphase I of Meiosis I

Answer 24

one homologue is pulled towards each pole

Question 25

chiasma

Answer 25

the point where two homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information

Question 26

recombinant chromatids

Answer 26

chromatid that has a mix of genetic information from both parents

Question 27

Telophase I of Meiosis I

Answer 27

nuclei are reorganized and the chromosomes are decondensed

Question 28

Prophase II of Meiosis II

Answer 28

nuclear membrane disappears and the chromosomes condense

Question 29

Metaphase II of Meiosis II

Answer 29

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and the spindle fibers attach to the centromere

Question 30

Anaphase II of Meiosis II

Answer 30

sister chromatids of each chromosome separate and are pulled towards each pole

Question 31

Telophase II of Meiosis II

Answer 31

nuclei is recognized, the chromosomes are decondensed and the cell remains in G1 phase

Question 32

Difference between Meiosis I and Meiosis II

Answer 32

Meiosis I separates the homologous pairs of chromosomes and Meiosis II separates the sister chromatids

Question 33

Differences between Meiosis and Mitosis

Answer 33

Mitosis results in two daughter cells that are identical to the original cell and Meiosis results in four gametes with half the chromosomes of the original cell Mitosis is a single cell division and Meiosis is two divisions In mitosis, individual chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate and chromatids are pulled apart. In prophase 1 meiosis, the tetrads line up in the middle of the cell and chromosomes are pulled apart No crossing over in mitosis, only Meiosis in prophase I

Question 34

what two nucleic acids are present in a cell?

Answer 34

deoxyribose nucleic acid and ribose nucleic acid

Question 35

Which molecule is the biggest molecule of the body?

Answer 35

deoxyribonucleic acid- a polymer of millions of pairs of nucleotides

Question 36

What does one DNA molecule consist of

Answer 36

two long nucleotide chains each nucleotide held together by hydrogen bonds- chain is coiled to form a double helix- consists of a sugar molecule, phosphate group and nucleotide base

Question 37

DNA coiling forming chromatid is known as?

Answer 37

solenoid

Question 38

2 differences between RNA and DNA

Answer 38

RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose and uracil in place of thymine, RNA is present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm while DNA is only in the nucleus

Question 39

3 nucleotides form one ____

Answer 39

codon

Question 40

one codon specifies one_______

Answer 40

amino acid

Question 41

what does the codon ATG specify for?

Answer 41

methionine

Question 42

list the three stop codons

Answer 42

TAA, TAG, TGA

Question 43

define gene

Answer 43

a genetic material on a chromosome that codes for a trait/character

Question 44

define allele

Answer 44

alternate form of a gene

Question 45

define genotype

Answer 45

the actual set of alleles an individual carries

Question 46

define homozygous

Answer 46

the individual carries the same alleles in both chromosomes

Question 47

define heterozygous

Answer 47

the individual carries two different alleles for the same trait

Question 48

define phenotype

Answer 48

the expression of a gene- ex. brown hair-- something you can actually see

Question 49

who are genes located in the mitochondria inherited by?

Answer 49

mother