Lecture 2 Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
What is a CBC?
A
It is a Complete Blood Count
2
Q
HgB is measured in?
A
g/dL
3
Q
MCV stands for?
A
Mean Corpuscular Volume
4
Q
MCV is measured in?
A
fL (1x10^-15)
5
Q
What does HCT stand for?
A
Hematocrit
6
Q
What is HCT measured in?
A
%
7
Q
MCH stands for?
A
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
8
Q
What is MCH measured in?
A
pg (1x10^-12)
9
Q
MCHC stands for?
A
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
10
Q
What is MCHC measured in?
A
g/dL or %
11
Q
RDW stands for?
A
Relative Distribution Width
12
Q
What is RDW measured in?
A
%
13
Q
What is WBC measured in?
A
x 10^3 / uL
14
Q
What is RBC measured in
A
x 10^6 / uL
15
Q
What are PLTs measured in?
A
x 10^3 / uL
16
Q
A diff count is measured in?
A
%
17
Q
What does Leukocytosis mean and what does it usually mean?
A
It means a high WBC count and usually is a sign of a bacterial infection.
18
Q
What does Leukopenia mean and what does it usually mean?
A
It means a low WBC count and usually is a sign of a viral infection.
19
Q
CBC measures what to get a Hemoglobin?
A
The oxygen-carrying capacity of the RBC.
20
Q
If a patient has a low HgB then the patient is ___.
A
Anemia
21
Q
Normal HgB values for a male is?
A
16 +/- 2 g/dL
22
Q
Normal HgB values for a female is?
A
14 +/- 2 g/dL
23
Q
CBC measures what to get a Hematocrit value?
A
The % of RBC in a volume of whole blood.
24
Q
Another name for Hematocrit is?
A
Packed cell volume
25
A low HCT is a sign of an ________.
Anemia
26
Normal HCT values for a male is?
46 +/- 5 %
27
Normal HCt values for a female is?
42 +/- 5%
28
H&H means
Hemoglobin and Hermatocrit
29
The rules of 3 (under normal conditions) are.
RBC x 3 = HgB and HgB x 3 = HCT
30
Exceptions to the rules of 3
Severe Dehydration cased by Vomiting & diarrhea make the HgB values typically read higher than what they actually are.
Acute Blood Loss cased by Gun shot wounds, Auto accidents, Surgery, or Miscarriages can cause the H/H reads lower than expected.
Iron Deficiency Anemia causes the RBC usually higher than expected for the Hgb.
31
MCV is the __________.
Most stable of all of the CBC parameters and can be used as delta checks.
32
CBC measures what to get a MCV?
The size/volume of RBCs.
33
Normal MCV values for a male is?
87 +/- 7 fL
34
Normal MCV values for a female is?
90 +/- 9 fL
35
A low MCV means?
Microcytic RBCs
36
A high MCV means?
Macrocytic RBCs
37
Normal RBC suggests a _______.
Normocytic RBCs
38
CBC measures what to get a MCH?
Indicates the actual weight (in pg) of the hemoglobin in the RBCs.
39
Normal ranges for both male and female are?
27.0 - 31.0 pg
40
MCHC can not be over _______.
40
41
CBC measures what to get a MCHC?
By expressing the raio of the weight of HgB to the volume of the RBC.
42
MCHC determines what of the RBC?
Chromasia
43
A low MCHC means?
Hypochromic RBC
44
A normal MCHC means?
Normochromic RBC
45
High MCHC are
Can happen but usually indicates a error in the HgB or RBC reading.
46
Normal MCHC values for both male and female are?
35 +/- 2 g/dL
47
If the displays a MCHC of 40 g/dl or higher and all the controles are in then what?
The blood specimen is most likely lipemic.
48
Microcytic and Hypochromic are
Always found together.
49
How to calculate a MCV?
MCV = (HCT / RBC) x 10
50
How to calculate a MCH?
MCH = (HgB / RBC) x 10
51
How to calculate a MCHC?
MCHC = (HgB / HCT) x 10
52
CBC measures what to get a RDW?
The variation of RBC size.
53
The normal values for both male and female are?
11 - 13%
54
High RDW means and is called what?
There is a increased variation in RBC size, which is called Anisocytosis. This can be seen by a broad bases RBC histogram.
55
Normal PLT values in both males and females are?
130 - 400 x 10^3/uL
56
Thrombocytopenia mean?
Low PLT count and a patient bleeds a lot.
57
Thrombocytosis means?
High PLT coumt
58
What is a Differentail Count of Diff?
it is a manual differential count of 100 WBCs.
59
Absolute Value is calculated by?
Taking the % on the differntial and multiplying by the total WBC count.
60
A Relative number is?
Just the % of each WBC on the differential.
61
Relative lymphocytosis is when?
The % of Lymphs on the diff are increased.
62
Absolute lymphocytosis is when?
The absolute number of Lymphs are increased.
63
What is the S.I. Unit for WBC?
x 10^9 /L
64
What is the S.I. Unit for RBC?
x 10^12 /L
65
What is the S.I. Unit for HgB?
g/L
66
What is the S.I. Unit for HCT?
.__ L
67
What is the S.I. Unit for PLT?
x 10^9 /L
68
What is the Conventional Unit for WBC?
x 10^3 /uL
69
What is the Conventional Unit for RBC?
x 10^6 /uL
70
What is the Conventional Unit for HgB?
g/dL
71
What is the Conventional Unit for HCT?
%
72
What is the Conventional Unit for PLT?
10^3 /uL
73
1,000 uL = _ mL
1
74
1,000 mL = _ L
1
75
1 L = ___ uL
10^6
76
Internal QC is?
3 Time Done Daily
77
External QC is?
A unknown QC that is run usually every 3 months and is sent of to be compared to other labs.
78
What can be used as a Delta Check?
MCV
79
What is Accuracy?
The exactness of a measuremet in comparison with the true value.
80
What is Precision?
Measures the reproducibility of an analyzer.
81
How do you calculate a CV or Coefficient of Variation?
CV = SD / Mean x 100
82
A CV of > 5% is?
Unacceptable
83
13S or R4S and can indicate?
Indicate random error, and can be causes by the sample might not be mixed well, technical error, etc.
84
22S, 41S, 10X and can indicate?
Indicate systematic error, and can be caused by a deteriorating reagents, instrument needs cleaning, etc.
85
Westgard Rules
Rules that tell you if there is somthing wrong with your machine.
86
Bulls Moving Average
Uses the RBC to check the controls
87
What are the limitations to Bulls Moving Average?
Not sensitive to random errors.
Very sensitive to patient population; a number of oncology patients could affect the calculation in the absence of instrument malfunction.
This method does not directly monitor the WBC and platelet counts.
88
Diagnostic Sensitivity
Proportion of patients with the disease who have a positive test result.
89
Diagnostic Specificity
Proportion of patients who are identified correctly by the test as not having the disease.
90
Positive Predictive Value
The proportion of patients with a disease who have a positive test result compared with all patients who have a positive test result.
Used to assess the diagnostic reliability of a positive test result.
91
Negative Predictive Value
The proportion of patients without a disease who have a negative test result compared with all patients who have a negative test result.
Used to assess the diagnostic reliability of a negative test result.
