Lecture 2 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Define knock-out gene
Technology allows for specific loss of gene in mice
What does gene knock out allow
Function of the KO’d gene to be deduced from the defects seen in mice
What do mouse-knockouts require
Embryonic stem cells
What are embryonic stem cells derived from
inner cell mass
What sort of cells are pluripotent and what does pluripotent mean
ES cells (embryonic stem cells) it means they can become all different cell types found in an adult
What is a p27 knockout mouse
It is bigger than the control
What does a GDF8 mouse have
2x the muscle mass of wild type mouse
What does FGF5 mouse have
Longer hair
What silenced gene do pigs carry
alpha 1,3 galactosyl
What are advantages of AI (5)
- High intensity and accuracy of sire selection
- Reduces transmission of venereal diseases
- Minimises cost of introducing live studs
- Facilitates accurate recording of pedigree
- Reduces frequency of lethal genes
Disadvantages of AI (5)
- Inaccurate detection of heat leads to failure
- Timely insemination to coincide with ovulation
- Long distance affect viability of semen
- Requires some technical training
- Infrastructure costly to establish
How many days after ET is AI followed by
5 days
What sort of liquid do you store ET
N2
List 5 advantages of ET
- Possible to get 25 calves from a single cow
- Females contribute more to breeding program
- Embryo transport is cheaper than live animals
- Risk of importing diseases avoided
- Production of genetically similar progeny
List 5 disadvantages of ET
- Expensive
- Easier to use in cattle than in other livestock
- Surgical procedures pose a risk to dams
- Technically sophisticated
- Success rate varies with skill
How does the breeding system work
From the elite group, bulls are taken to be multipliers and these improved bulls are knee ad commercials. The good females are taken and become elite
Why are ES cells used
Because they are pluripotent
What does GDF8 stand for
Growth differentiation factor 8, better known as myostatin gene
Was Dolly the first clone
No
What made Dolly special
First clone from and adult cell
What are telomeres
Protects DNA from damage
How can you work out the real function of a gene
RNA -> cDNA -> Expression
What is a chimeric mouse
Brown fur comes from ES cells injected into the blastocyst of an albino mouse
What does a silenced copy of alpha 1,3 galactosyl cause
Preventing organ rejection
