Lecture 2: Anatomical Orientation Flashcards by Sammi S

Anatomical Position

Picture of a person when structure is being described,
Standing upright, feet flat, arms at sides,
Palms, eyes, and face forward,
Left/right in reference to subject, not observer

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Anterior/Ventral

Front,

Torso

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Posterior/Dorsal

Back,

Torso

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Superior

Toward the head,

Torso

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Inferior

Toward the feet,

Torso

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Lateral

Away from body midline,
Torso,
Extremities

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Medial

Toward body midline,
Torso,
Extremities

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Proximal

Near point of attachment,

Extremities

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Distal

Far from point of attachment,

Extremities

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Unilateral

One side affected/included,

Left or Right

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Bilateral

Both sides affected/included,

Left and Right

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Contralateral

Opposite side affected,

Ex: stroke patients

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Deep

Away from body surface

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Superficial

Toward body surface

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Supine

Lying face up

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Prone

Lying face down

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Coronal Plane

Front/back division (frontal)

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Sagital Plane

Left/right division

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Transverse Plane

Upper/lower division (horizontal)

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Flexion

Bending movement that results in decrease of the angle in a joint by bringing bones together

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Extension

Opposite of flexion,

Straightening movement that results in an increase of the angle in a join by moving bones apart

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Plantar Flexion

Bottom of foot flexion,
Pointing toes down (inferior),
Standing on toes

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Dorsal Flexion/Dorsiflexion

Top of foot flexion,
Pulling toes up (superior),
Standing on heels

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Abduction

Lateral movement away from the midline of the trunk (shoulder/hip)

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Adduction

Movement medially toward the midline of the trunk

Lateral Flexion

Lateral bending only of the head or trunk

Elevation

Shoulder (scapulae), Jaw (TMJ), Superior movement, Ex: Shrugging, closing jaw, etc

Depression

Shoulder (scapulae), Jaw (TMJ), Inferior movement, Ex: Opening jaw

Protraction

Mandible anterior, | Jaw (TMJ)

Retraction

Mandible posterior, | Jaw (TMJ)

Eversion

``` Plantar laterally (out, pronation), Ankle ```

Inversion

``` Plantar Medially (in, supination), Ankle ```

Ulnar Deviation

Medial bone of forearm, | Wrist

Radial Deviation

Lateral bone of forearm, | Wrist

Rotation

Left and Right, | Head, neck, trunk

External (lateral) Rotation

Away from midline (shoulder/hip)

Internal (medial) Rotation

Toward midline (shoulder/hip)

Shoulder movement/rotations moves the arm _____

In and out

Supination

Palms up, | Ex: holding soup

Pronation

Palms down, | Ex: pouring soup

Axial Region

Head, Neck, Trunk

Cranium

Skull

Facies

Face

Frons

Forehead

Ocules

Eyes

Oris

Mouth

Auris

Ear

Bucca

Cheek

Mentis/Mental

Chin

Umbillicus

Belly Button

Pelvis

Cervicis/Cervical

Neck

Thoracis/Thorax

Torso

Lumbar

Lower Back

Abdomen

Abdomen, not stomach

Inguen/Inguinal

Groin

Appendicular

Upper/Lower Limbs

Upper Extremity

Arm & Forearm

Lower Extremity

Thigh & Leg

Axilla

Armpit

Brachium

Arm

Antebrachium

Forearm

Olecranon

Elbow

Carpus

Wrist

Palmar Surface

Palm

Gluteus/Gluteal

Butt

Popliteus/Popliteal

Back of Knee

Patella

Kneecap

Dorsal Surface

Top of Foot

Plantar Surface

Bottom of Foot

Hypochondriac Regions

Above Stomach, | Left & Right,

Epigastric Region

Middle, | Above Stomach

Lumbar Region

Lower Back, | Left & Right

Umbilical Region

Middle of Abdomen, | Belly Button

Inguinal Region

Groin, | Left & Right

Hypogastric Region

Pubic Region, | Middle

Body Cavities

Spaces within the body that protect organs and permit change/movement/growth

Dorsal Body Cavity

CNS, Cranial (brain), Vertebral Canal (spinal cord)

Ventral Body Cavities

Thoracic and Abdominopelvic Cavity, | Separated by diaphragm

Intra-Membranous Cavities

Area within a double layer of tissue that surrounds certain organs, Fist in balloon

Pericardium/Pericardial Sac

Contains heart/around heart

Pericardial Cavity

Contains fluid between layers

Peritoneum

Surrounds most abdominal organs

Pleura

Surrounds lungs

Intrapleural Space

Contains fluid between layers

Visceral

Layer closest to organ

Parietal

Outer layer

Thoracic

Right and left pleural cavities, Intrapleural spaces, Lungs

Mediastinum

Space between the lungs

Upper Mediastinum

Blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus

Lower Mediastinum

Pericardial Sac (contains heart)

Abdominopelvic

Brim of pelvis separates abdominal and pelvic cavities

Lecture 2: Anatomical Orientation Flashcards

(92 cards)