LECTURE 2 ANATOMY OF UPPER LIMB

Question 1

what are 3 distinguishing fatures of a joint?

Answer 1

joint cavity, bone ends covered with articular cartilage, articulating surfaces & joint cavity enclosed by articular capsule

Question 2

what are the types of synovial joints?

Answer 2

gliding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoid, saddle, ball & socket

Question 3

what is the movement & example of gliding joint?

Answer 3

slight nonaxial/multiaxial e.g. acromioclavicular joint, vertebrocostal joint

Question 4

what is the movement & example of hinge joint?

Answer 4

monaxial e.g. elbow, knee, ankle

Question 5

what is the movement & example of pivot joint?

Answer 5

monaxial (rotation) e.g. atlas/axis, radio-ulnar joint

Question 6

what is the movement & example of ellipsoid joint?

Answer 6

biaxial e.g. radiocarpal joint, metatarsophalangeal joint

Question 7

what is the movement & example of saddle joint?

Answer 7

biaxial e.g. 1st carpometacarpal joint

Question 8

what is the movement & example of ball & socket?

Answer 8

triaxial e.g.shoulder joint

Question 9

what is the joints of the shoulder region?

Answer 9

acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular & glenohumeral joint

Question 10

what type of joint is glenohumeral joint?

Answer 10

synovial, multiaxial, ball & socket

Question 11

what are the ligaments of the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 11

coracoacromial, coracohumeral, glenohumeral

Question 12

what are the movements of the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 12

flexion/extension, abduction/aduction, internal (medial), external (lateral) rotation

Question 13

what are the flexors of the shoulder region?

Answer 13

pectoralis major, biceps brachii, deltoid (anterior)

Question 14

what are the extensors of the shoulder?

Answer 14

latissimus dorsi, teres major, deltoid (posterior), triceps brachii

Question 15

what are the abductor of shoulder?

Answer 15

deltoid (middle)

Question 16

what are the adductor of shoulder?

Answer 16

pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major

Question 17

what are medial rotator of shoulder?

Answer 17

subscapularis, deltoid (anterior), pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major

Question 18

what are lateral rotator of shoulder?

Answer 18

deltoid (posterior), supraspinatus, infraspinatous, teres minor

Question 19

what type of joint is sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 19

synovial, multiaxial, plane

Question 20

what are the ligaments of sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 20

costoclavicular

Question 21

what is the role of the articular disc in sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 21

absorbs shock, restrains movement- attached to joint capsule

Question 22

what are the movements of the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 22

gliding between clavicle & sternum is all directions

Question 23

what type of joint is acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 23

synovial, multiaxial, plane

Question 24

what are ligaments of acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 24

coracoclavicular with partial articular disc

Question 25

what are movements of acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 25

gliding between clavicle & acromin in all directions

Question 26

what are the elevators of shoulder girdle?

Answer 26

trapezius (upper), levator scapulae

Question 27

what are depressor of shoulder girdle?

Answer 27

trapezius (lower)

Question 28

what are protractor of shoulder girdle?

Answer 28

serrator anterior

Question 29

what are retractors of shoulder girdle?

Answer 29

rhomboid muscles, trapezius (middle)

Question 30

what are medial rotator of shoulder girdle?

Answer 30

rhomboid muscles, levator scapulae

Question 31

what are the lateral rotator of shoulder girdle?

Answer 31

trapezius (upper & lower), serratus anterior

Question 32

what are the joints of the elbow?

Answer 32

ulnohumeral, radiohumeral, proximal (superior) radioulnar

Question 33

what type of joint is elbow joint?

Answer 33

synovial, uniaxial, hinge

Question 34

what are the ligaments surrounding elbow joint?

Answer 34

lateral (radial) collateral, medial (ulna) collateral, annular

Question 35

what types of movements can elbow joint do?

Answer 35

flexion, extension

Question 36

what are muscles are flexors (anterior) of elbow?

Answer 36

brachialis, biceps brachii

Question 37

what muscles are extensors (posterior) of elbow?

Answer 37

triceps brachii

Question 38

what type of joint is proximal radioulnar joint?

Answer 38

synovial, uniaxial, hinge

Question 39

what are the ligaments surrounding proximal radioulnar?

Answer 39

annular

Question 40

what type of movements does radioulnar joint do?

Answer 40

supination + pronation

Question 41

what type of joint is distal radioulnar joint?

Answer 41

synovial, uniaxial, pivot

Question 42

what gives the distal radioulnar joint stability?

Answer 42

interosseous membranc + articular disc

Question 43

what are the movements of the distal radioulnar joint?

Answer 43

supination + pronation

Question 44

what muscles are involved in supination?

Answer 44

biceps brachii + supinator

Question 45

what muscles are involved in pronation?

Answer 45

pronator teres + pronator quadratus

Question 46

what are the joints on wrist region?

Answer 46

distal (inferior) radioulnar + radiocarpal & midcarpal

Question 47

what type of joints are radio- & midcarpal joints?

Answer 47

synovial, biaxial, ellipsoid

Question 48

what ligaments surround radio- & midcarpal joints?

Answer 48

lateral (radial) collateral + medial (ulnar) collateral

Question 49

what type of movements does radio- & midcarpal joints do?

Answer 49

flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, radial deviation-ulnar deviation

Question 50

what muscles are involved in flexion of wrist joint complex?

Answer 50

flexor carpi radialis + flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 51

what muscles are involved in extension of wrist joint?

Answer 51

extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis ulnaris

Question 52

what muscles are involved in abduction (radial deviation) of wrist joint?

Answer 52

flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis

Question 53

what muscles are involved in adduction (ulnar deviator) of wrist joint?

Answer 53

flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 54

what are the joints of the thumb & finger?

Answer 54

1st carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal

Question 55

what type of joint is 1st carpometacarpal joint?

Answer 55

synovial, biaxial, saddle

Question 56

what are the movements of 1st carpometacarpal joint?

Answer 56

flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, opposition

Question 57

what type of joint is interphalangeal joint?

Answer 57

synovial, uniaxial, hinge

Question 58

what type of movement does interphalangeal joint do?

Answer 58

flexion-extension

Question 59

what muscles are involved in flexion of thumb & finger?

Answer 59

flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor policis longus

Question 60

what muscles are involved in extension of thumb & finger?

Answer 60

extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extendor indicis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis

Question 61

what muscles are involved in opposition of thumb & finger?

Answer 61

thenar muscles, hypothenar muscles

Question 62

what does the brachial plexus of nerves provide function to?

Answer 62

sensory/cutaneous (skin) + motor (muscles)- supplies the whole arm

Question 63

what nerves constitute the brachial plexus?

Answer 63

c5-t1 spinal nerves, axillary nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, radial nerve, ulnar nerve, median nerve

Question 64

where does the musculocutaneous nerve arise from & travels to?

Answer 64

lateral cord of brachial plexus (C5-C7) to lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

Question 65

what does the musculocutaneous nerve penetrate?

Answer 65

coracobrachialia

Question 66

what does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?

Answer 66

anterior compartment of arm- flexion + cutaneous/sensory function

Question 67

what constitutes the anterior compartment of arm?

Answer 67

biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

Question 68

where does the axillary nerve arise from?

Answer 68

posterior cord of brachial plexus (C5, C6)

Question 69

what does the axillary motor nerve supply?

Answer 69

deltoid, triceps (long head) & teres minor

Question 70

what is the sensory functions of the axillary nerve?

Answer 70

gives rise to upper lateral cutaneous nerve of arm, which innervates skin over lower deltoid

Question 71

where does the median nerve arise from?

Answer 71

lateral & medial cord of brachial plexus

Question 72

what does the median nerve innervate?

Answer 72

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, flexor digitorium profundus, flexor pollicis longus (flexors of forearm except flexor carpi ulnaris + flexor digitorum profundus)

Question 73

what does the median nerve innervate in hand?

Answer 73

motor innervation to 1st & 2nd lumbrical muscles, thenar eminence

Question 74

where does the ulnar nerve arise from?

Answer 74

C8 and T1 (medial cord)

Question 75

what does the ulnar nerve innervate?

Answer 75

flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus, lumbrical muscles, opponens digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, adductor pollicis

Question 76

where does the radial nerve arise from & travel to?

Answer 76

posterior cord of brachial plexus (C5, C6) & travels to posterior interosseous nerve

Question 77

what does the radial nerve innervate?

Answer 77

posterior compartment of arm & forearm- extension- triceps and extensor muscles

Question 78

what constitutes the posterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 78

triceps brachii & anconeus

Question 79

what are the branches of arch of aorta?

Answer 79

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian

Question 80

what is the arterial supply to upper limb?

Answer 80

subclavian artery, axillary artery, brachial artery

Question 81

what are the branches of the brachial artery?

Answer 81

radial & ulnar artery

Question 82

what are the arteries of the hand?

Answer 82

ulnar & radial

Question 83

what are the deep veins of the arm?

Answer 83

subclavian, axiliary, brachial vein, ulnar, radial

Question 84

what are the superficial veins of arm?

Answer 84

cephalic vein, basilic vein, median cubital vein

Question 85

what is the drainage pattern of the arm?

Answer 85

radial + ulna to brachial to axillary to subclavian to brachiocephalic vein to SVC

Question 86

what does the cephalic vein connect to basilic vein by?

Answer 86

median cubital vein

Question 87

what does the cephalic & basilic vein drain to?

Answer 87

axiliary vein & median cubital vein

Question 88

what does the cephalic & basilic drain from?

Answer 88

dorsal venous netowrk of hand