Lecture 2 - Biological Themes

Question 1

Name the characteristics of living things.

Answer 1

• Cellular organization
• Sensitivity
• Reproduce
• Evolve
• Grow and develop
• Process energy

Question 2

Describe cellular organization.

Answer 2

All life consists of 1+ cells with precise spatial organization on several levels.

Question 3

Describe sensitivity.

Answer 3

Responds to stimuli.

Question 4

Describe reproduce.

Answer 4

Hereditary molecules passed to offspring.

Question 5

Describe evolve.

Answer 5

Change (such that genes in a population change) as a result of interactions with other organisms in the environment.

Question 6

Describe grow and develop.

Answer 6

Ex. fetal growth. its in the name.

Question 7

Describe process energy

Answer 7

Take energy from sun or chemical bonds to power cellular processes and acquire biomass

Question 8

Describe emergent properties.

Answer 8

Properties that emerge when going up a biological level of organization.

Question 9

Describe cells

Answer 9

smallest functional unit of life

Question 10

Describe tissues

Answer 10

made up of common cell type.

Question 11

List biological levels of organization in increasing order.

Answer 11

• cells
• tissues
• organ
• organ systems
• organism
• population
• community
• ecosystem
• biosphere

Question 12

Describe organs

Answer 12

made of multiple cell types

Question 13

Describe organ systems

Answer 13

group of organs performing related functions

Question 14

Describe organisms

Answer 14

individual living things made of several organ systems

Question 15

describe populations

Answer 15

group of organisms of one type (species) living in the same area

Question 16

describe community

Answer 16

populations that live together in a defined area

Ex: food chains

Question 17

describe ecosystem

Answer 17

community and its nonliving surroundings (soil, sun, rain)

Question 18

describe biosphere

Answer 18

the part of the earth that contains all ecosytems

Question 19

What is the level?

Observing the change in number of dandelions in a field

Answer 19

population

Question 20

What is the level?

looking at how many rabbits each wolf eats in a year

Answer 20

community

Question 21

What is the level?

investigation how many materials are moved around neurons

Answer 21

cellular

Question 22

describe Linnean classification

Answer 22

groups species in increasingly broad categories

Question 23

List the categories in Linnean classification in order of broadest to most specific

Answer 23

• domain
• kingdom
• phylum
• class
• order
• family
• genus
• species

Question 24

Describe binomial nomenclature

Answer 24

genus + species

first letter of genus capitalized. all italicized.

Question 25

Name the three domains

Answer 25

- domain bacteria - domain archaea - domain eukarya

Question 26

Describe prokaryotes

Answer 26

- Includes Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea Generalizations: - very small - no nucleus - no internal membranes - have cell walls

Question 27

Describe eukaryotes

Answer 27

- Includes Domain Eukarya Generalizations: - Large - nucleus - organelles

Question 28

Describe domain bacteria

Answer 28

- unicellular - autotrophic or heterotrophic - cell walls contain peptidoglycan (protein/sugar) - can be harmful (pathogenic) or helpful (decomposers, digestion)

Question 29

Describe domain archaea

Answer 29

- autotrophic or heterotrophic - cell walls DO NOT contain peptidoglycan - live in extreme environments: - -methanogens (produce methane) - - halophiles (high salt) - - thermophiles (high temperatures) - - acidophiles (high pH)

Question 30

Describe domain eukarya

Answer 30

divided into 4 kingdoms - plantae - fungi - animalia - protists

Question 31

Describe kingdom animalia

Answer 31

- ALL multicellular organisms - heterotrophs (feed through ingestion) - lack cell walls - greater mobility (some sessile) - Ecological role: consumers

Question 32

Describe kindgom plantae

Answer 32

- ALL multicellular organisms - autotrophs (produce their own energy through photosynthesis) - have cellulose cell walls - ecological role: primary producers

Question 33

Describe kingdom fungi

Answer 33

- most are multi cellular (some uni) - have hyphae (stringy cells) and chitin walls - heterotrophs; saprotrophs (feed by absorption of nutrients after decomposing organic material) and parasites - ecological role: decomposers or parasites

Question 34

Describe kingdom protista

Answer 34

- do not form a natural group; often grouped together for convinience - mostly unicellular organisms (a few multi) - various metabolic strategies (photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, saprotrophs)