Lecture (2) brain structures + spinal cord

Question 1

frontal lobe

Answer 1

executive function (anterior portion of brain)

Question 2

Parietal lobe

Answer 2

Body sensations
(between frontal and occipital)

Question 3

Occipital lobe

Answer 3

vision (posterior region of the brain)

Question 4

temporal lobe

Answer 4

hearing and memory
continue with the parietal lobe
separated from frontal lobe via Silvian fissure

Question 5

Silvian fissure (lateral sulcus)

Answer 5

sulclus = crevice
separates the temporal lobe from the rest of the brain

Question 6

central sulcus

Answer 6

separates frontal and parietal lobe

Question 7

corpus callosum

Answer 7

axon that connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain

Question 8

pre-central gyrus

Answer 8

gyrus = fold
primary motor cortex

Question 9

post-central gyrus

Answer 9

gyrus = folds
primary sensory cortex

Question 10

Cerebellum

Answer 10

central regulation of movement + some learning

Question 11

Medulla

Answer 11

conveys major motor and sensory fibres to and from the brain

connects to the spinal cord

Question 12

Development of brain from birth:

Answer 12

1.) neural tube filled with fluid developed into embryo
2.) 3 distinct swellings (forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain) remainder = spinal cord
3.) forebrain splits into: telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres) and diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)
4.) hindbrain = developed into brainstem (medulla, pons, cerebellum)

Question 13

Limbic system (circuit of emotion)

Answer 13

1.) cingulate gyrus (cognitive functions)
2.) thalamus (switch box)
3.) hypothalamus (governs motiavted behaviour, sex/aggression)
4.) hippocampus (memory and learning)
5.) amygdala (emotion and smell due to perception)
6.) olfactory bulb (sense of smell)

Question 14

cingulate gyrus

Answer 14

cognitive functions
limbic system

Question 15

thalamus

Answer 15

switch box for sensory info
limbic system

Question 16

hypothalamus

Answer 16

governs motivated behaviour such as sex, aggression, hunger
limbic system

Question 17

hippocampus

Answer 17

memory (and learning)
limbic system

Question 18

amygdala

Answer 18

emotion (and perception of smell)
limbic system

Question 19

olfactory bulb

Answer 19

sense of smell
limbic system

Question 20

pons

Answer 20

nerve fibres (motor and sensory nuclei)

Question 21

corpus callosum

Answer 21

white matter structure (sending and receiving input)

Question 22

cingulate gyrus

Answer 22

cognitive functions

Question 23

pineal gland

Answer 23

secretes melatonin (sleep and rhythm)

Question 24

superior and inferior colliculi

Answer 24

process auditory information

Question 25

Basal ganglia (components):

Answer 25

critical for the control of movement

*1.) Caudate Nucleus (movement, learning and memory)
*2.) Putamen (learning and motor control, reward system (dopamine))
*3.) Globus Pallidus (movement control –conscious and voluntary movement)

4.) amygdala (emotion/perception of smell)
5.) thalamus (sensory switch box)
6.) substantia nigra (production of dopamine)

Question 26

Caudate Nucleus

Answer 26

movement
learning
memory

basal ganglia

Question 27

putamen

Answer 27

motor control and learning
reward system (dopamine)

basal ganglia

Question 28

globus pallidus

Answer 28

movement control
(voluntary and conscious movement)

Question 29

Causes Parkinson’s disease (part of basal ganglia)

Answer 29

substantial nigra (problem with production of dopamine –movement)

loss of dopamine producing cells

Question 30

foramen magnum

Answer 30

the hole between the spinal cord and the brain stem

Question 31

Somatic nervous sytem consists of: (nerves)

Answer 31

Cranial nerves (12 pairs)
spinal nerves (31 pairs)

Question 32

spinal nerves

Answer 32

1.) cervical nerves (8 pairs)
2.) thoracic nerves (12 pairs) **end of solid part
3.) lumbar nerves (5 pairs) **horse tail
4.) sacral nerves (5 pairs)
5.) coccygeal (I pair)

Question 33

spinal nerves (root system)

Answer 33

ventral nerves (motor neurons that come out the front of the spinal cord)

dorsal roots (sensory nerves that come out the back of the spinal cord)

Question 34

Sympathetic system

Answer 34

flight or fight
axons exit the middle of the spinal cord
innervate major organ systems
receive norepinephrine

Question 35

parasympathetic system

Answer 35

rest/relaxation
axons exit through the top and bottom of the spinal cord
parasympathetic ganglia
receive acetylcholine