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EnviSci > Lecture 2: Ecology > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Ecology Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

The study of the relationship between an organism and its’ environment

A

Ecology

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2
Q

Two factors that make up the environment

A

Biotic Factors and Abiotic Factors

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3
Q

composed of all living organisms inhabiting the Earth

A

Biotic Factors

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4
Q

Non-living parts of the environment

A

Abiotic Factors

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5
Q

Levels of Organization (Smallest to Largest)

A

Organism > Population > Community > Ecosystem > Biosphere

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6
Q

Simplest Levels (Smallest to Largest)

A

Atom > Molecule > Organelles > Cell > Tissue > Organ > Organ System

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7
Q

They have organized the interactions an organism takes part in into different levels according to complexity.

A

Ecologists

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8
Q

Different levels according to complexity wherein organisms interact and take part in.

A

Levels of Organization

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9
Q

An individual living thing that is made of cells, uses energy, reproduces, responds, grows, and develops

A

Organism

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10
Q

1st Level of Organization

A

Organism

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11
Q

Any unicellular or multicellular form exhibiting all of the characteristics of life, an individual.

A

Organism

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12
Q

2nd Level of Organization

A

Population

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13
Q

A group of organisms, all of the same species, which interbreed and live in the same place at the same time

A

Population

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14
Q

3rd Level of Organization

A

Community

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15
Q

All the populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time

A

Community

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16
Q

Several interacting populations that inhabit a common environment and are interdependent

A

Community

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17
Q

4th Level of Organization

A

Ecosystem

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18
Q

Populations of plants and animals that interact with each other in a given area with the abiotic components of that area.

A

Ecosystem

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19
Q

5th Level of Organization

A

Biosphere

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20
Q

The portion of Earth that supports life

A

Biosphere

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21
Q

The role a species plays in a community

A

Niche

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22
Q

Total way of life

A

Niche

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23
Q

The place in which an organism lives out its life

A

Habitat

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24
Q

Is determined by the tolerance limitations of an organism, or a limiting factor

A

Niche

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25
Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence of organisms in a specific environment
Limiting Factor
26
Examples of Limiting Factors
Amount of [food, water, space], temperature, availability of mates
27
3 main types of feeding relationships
producer - consumer predator - prey parasite - host
28
all autotrophs, they trap energy from the sun
Producer
29
autotrophs
plants
30
all heterotrophs, they ingest food containing the sun's energy
Consumer
31
Types of consumers
herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, decomposers
32
Eat plants
herbivores
33
eats meat
carnivores
34
hunt prey animals for food
predators
35
feed on carrion, dead animals
scavengers
36
eat both plant and animals
omnivores
37
breakdown the complex compounds of dead and decaying plants and animals into simpler molecules that can be absorbed
decomposers
38
two species living together
symbiosis
39
3 types of symbiosis
commensalism, parasitism, mutualism
40
one species benefits and the other is neither harmed or helped
Commensalism
41
a plant that grows on another plant upon which depends for mechanical support but not for nutrients
Epiphytes
42
Air plant
Xerophyte
43
one species benefits and the other is harmed
parasitism
44
both species benefit
mutualism
45
Each link in a food chain is known as ________
Trophic Level
46
represent a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem
Trophic Level
47
The amount of organic matter comprising a group of organisms in a habitat
biomass
48
As you move up a food chain, both available energy and biomass ___
decrease
49
What percentage of energy is transferred to the next trophic level?
10%
50
Simple model that shows how matter and energy move through an ecosystem
Food chain
51
Shows all possible feeding relationships in a community at each trophic level
Food web
52
Represents a network of interconnected food chains
Food web
53
Movement of chemical elements in a circular pathway, from organisms to physical environment, back to organisms
Biogeochemical Cyle
54
What sustains life on earth?
Solar energy, cycling of matter, gravity
55
What are the biochemical cycles?
Carbon, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Water, Oxygen
56
All living things are made of ____
Carbon
57
Carbon is attached to some oxygen in a gas called ______
Carbon Dioxide
58
plants that die and are buried may turn into _____ made of carbon like coal and oil over millions of years
fossil fuels
59
How much more carbon dioxide are in the air today than there was about 150 years ago?
30%
60
The water cycle is also known as
hydrological cycle
61
physical processes in the water cycle
evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, runoff, subsurface flow
62
The water cycle involves the exchange of ____
Heat
63
Reshaping of the geological features of earth are done through the processes such as ____ and _____
erosion and sedimentation
64
Continuous cycle of biological, chemical and geological processes by which nitrogen is circulated in the Earth's environment
Nitrogen Cycle
65
Is the most plentiful element in the atmosphere
Nitrogen
66
What percent of the atmosphere is nitrogen?
78%
67
Process wherein nitrogen is converted into nitrogen-compounds
Nitrogen Fixation
68
gaseous compound of nitrogen and hydrogen
Ammonia
69
makes up nearly 78%-80% of air
Atmospheric Nitrogen (N2)
70
Factors that can convert nitrogen into usable forms
Lightning, Bacteria
71
Converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium which can be used to make organic compounds like amino acids
Nitrogen Fixation
72
Some live in a symbiotic relationship with plants of the legume familyy
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
73
Are essential to maintaining the fertility of semi-aquatic environment like rice paddies
Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria
74
is a biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere
Phosphorus Cycle
75
Does not play a significant role in the movement of phosphorus
Atmosphere
76
Is an essential nutrient for plants and animals in the form of ions PO43- and HPO42-
Phosphorus
77
It is a part of DNA molecules that store energy and fats of cell membranes
Phosphorus
78
Is the biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of oxygen within its three main reservoirs
Oxygen Cycle
79
The global sum of all ecosystems
Biosphere
80
the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet
hydrosphere
81
Failures in the oxygen cycle within the hydrosphere can result in the development of ____
Hypoxic Zones
82
Main driving factor of the oxygen cycle
Photosynthesis
83
Is one of the components that make up proteins and vitamins
Sulfur
84
SO2
Sulfur Dioxide
85
H2S
Hydrogen Sulfide

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