Lecture 4: Water Environment

Question 1

The continuous movement of
water from the earth to the atmosphere and back to the
earth.

Answer 1

Water Cycle

Question 2

The water cycle is also known as the _________

Answer 2

Hydrological Cycle

Question 3

The _____ provides energy for the water cycle

Answer 3

Sun

Question 4

What are the water cycle spheres?

Answer 4

Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, Biosphere, Lithosphere

Question 5

Water moves from the earth to the
atmosphere through the processes
of _________ and _____________.

Answer 5

evaporation, transpiration

Question 6

is the transformation of water from its liquid form to its
gaseous form as a result of coming
in contact with heat or the air.

Answer 6

Evaporation

Question 7

is the process of plants releasing water through their leaves

Answer 7

Transpiration

Question 8

Air that holds moisture until it
falls as precipitation.

Answer 8

Atmosphere

Question 9

is the moisture from the atmosphere that is returned to the earth in the form of snow or rain.

Answer 9

Precipitation

Question 10

Includes all plant and animal life
which are consumers of water.

Answer 10

Biosphere

Question 11

Land where water falls as precipitation

Answer 11

Lithosphere

Question 12

Water, in its purest form, is _____, _____, and _____

Answer 12

tasteless, odorless, colorless

Question 13

It is a chemical compound made
up of two atoms of hydrogen
and one atom of oxygen.

Answer 13

Water

Question 14

Chemical Symbol of water

Answer 14

H2O

Question 15

Solid form of water

Answer 15

Ice

Question 16

Gaseous form of water

Answer 16

water vapor or steam

Question 17

water that contains salt

Answer 17

saline water

Question 18

_____, _____, and ____ can raise the level of salts in the water

Answer 18

sodium chloride, potassium, magnesium

Question 19

Categories of saline water

Answer 19

freshwater, saltwater, brackish water

Question 20

Water with less than 3 ppt of salt

Answer 20

freshwater

Question 21

ppt

Answer 21

parts per thousand

Question 22

what percent of water on earth is considered freshwater?

Answer 22

3%

Question 23

water with 16.5 ppt or more of salt

Answer 23

saltwater

Question 24

Some ocean and sea water is as high as ___ to ___ ppt.

Answer 24

33 to 37

Question 25

saltwater makes up about ____ percent of the earth's water

Answer 25

97%

Question 26

a mixture of saltwater and freshwater

Answer 26

brackish water

Question 27

is found where freshwater flows into the ocean or other bodies of saltwater.

Answer 27

Brackish water

Question 28

is the area where a freshwater stream flows into the ocean or a saltwater lake

Answer 28

estuary

Question 29

two main ways that salt water and contaminated water can be turned into usable water

Answer 29

distillation and desalination

Question 30

is the boiling of water and collection of its vapor

Answer 30

Distillation

Question 31

Is the removal of salt from water

Answer 31

desalination

Question 32

one of the most important parts of the water cycle

Answer 32

stream

Question 33

are flowing bodies of water that are useful resources for irrigation, factories, and local water systems

Answer 33

streams

Question 34

Most streams are freshwater and they can flow through a ___ or ____ channel

Answer 34

natural or man-made

Question 35

Stream type is determined by the ____ and _____ of the movement of water, or _____

Answer 35

volume, velocity, streamflow

Question 36

Four types of streams

Answer 36

rivers, creeks, brooks, canals

Question 37

the rate of flow in a stream

Answer 37

current

Question 38

the largest stream

Answer 38

river

Question 39

have high streamflows

Answer 39

river

Question 40

a stream that is smaller than a river

Answer 40

creek

Question 41

a small stream

Answer 41

brook

Question 42

an artificial waterway built for transportation, to relieve flooding, or to divert the flow of water

Answer 42

canal

Question 43

the study of flowing water and its environment

Answer 43

Stream Hydrology

Question 44

a stream is an important part of ____ or ____

Answer 44

watershed or catchment

Question 45

the edge of a watershed is known ad a ______

Answer 45

drainage divide

Question 46

Determines how water moves within the stream and through the earth

Answer 46

stream structure

Question 47

the area through which water flows in a stream is called a ______

Answer 47

channel

Question 48

is usually formed with rock or soil and it is the sides and bottom of the stream

Answer 48

channel

Question 49

the bottom of the channel is called the _____, the sides are called the ______

Answer 49

stream bed, stream banks

Question 50

When a channel is not large enough to hold the flow of water the area that overflows is called a _______

Answer 50

flood plain

Question 51

are bodies of water that influence the weather and climate of an area

Answer 51

non-flowing

Question 52

The internal movement is caused by ______ and ______

Answer 52

temperature changes, salinity

Question 53

Seven types of non-flowing bodies of water

Answer 53

oceans lakes ponds reservoirs sloughs marshes estuaries

Question 54

large bodies of saltwater

Answer 54

oceans

Question 55

oceans cover almost ____ percent of the surface of the earth

Answer 55

75

Question 56

bodies of freshwater that are surrounded by land

Answer 56

Lakes

Question 57

non-flowing bodies of water that are smaller than lakes

Answer 57

ponds

Question 58

commonly manmade and used as a source of recreation or for use by livestock

Answer 58

ponds

Question 59

large bodies of stored water

Answer 59

reservoirs

Question 60

thick, muddy areas of shallow water

Answer 60

sloughs

Question 61

areas of land covered with shallow water and plants such as cattails

Answer 61

marshes

Question 62

Areas where freshwater streams flow into the ocean or a saltwater lake

Answer 62

estuaries

Question 63

is the contamination of the natural environment with harmful substances often as a consequence of human activities

Answer 63

water pollution

Question 64

occurs when energy and other materials are released into the water, contaminating the quality of it for other users

Answer 64

water pollution

Question 65

is an undesirable change in the state of water, contaminated with harmful substances

Answer 65

water pollution

Question 66

second most important environmental issue next to air pollution

Answer 66

water pollution

Question 67

the two leading causes of water pollution

Answer 67

toxic substances, thermal pollution

Question 68

can be man made; from the by products of chemical compounds and industrial facilities or organic ; matter from sewage or human and animal waste.

Answer 68

Toxic substances

Question 69

occurs exclusively due to human activity, the dramatic changes in water temperature from the operations of industrial facilities.

Answer 69

Thermal Pollution

Question 70

occurs when rivers, lakes and streams are used as dump.

Answer 70

Physical pollution

Question 71

The most common ill effect of water pollution on humans is ______

Answer 71

disease

Question 72

Common waterborne diseases

Answer 72

typhoid, intestinal parasites, diarrhea

Question 73

The spread of organic wastes in water leads to an increase in algae, certain types of which are toxic.

Answer 73

red tide phenomenon

Question 74

Types of water pollution

Answer 74

microbiological chemical oxygen-depleting substances nutrients oil pollution

Question 75

different causes of water pollution

Answer 75

marine dumping industrial waste sewage nuclear waste oil pollution underground storage leaks

Question 76

is produced from industrial, medical and scientific processes that use radioactive material

Answer 76

nuclear waste

Question 77

how many turtles in Australia's surround water die each year?

Answer 77

200 turtles :(