Lecture 3: Ecosystems

Question 1

Is a natural system consisting of all plants, and microorganisms, which function with all the physical factors of the environment

Answer 1

Ecosystem

Question 2

A community of living components in conjunction with the non-living components interacting as a system

Answer 2

Ecosystem

Question 3

Is a system of living things that interact with each other and with the physical world

Answer 3

Ecosystem

Question 4

is a collection of related ecosystems

Answer 4

Biome

Question 5

Two major forces that link together biotic and abiotic components

Answer 5

flow of energy through the ecosystem, cycling of nutrients within the ecosystem

Question 6

Two types of abiotic components

Answer 6

Climatic Factors, Edaphic Factors

Question 7

Conversion of solar energy into potential energy

Answer 7

Production

Question 8

process of transfer of material and transformation of energy from one level to another through the process of eating and being eaten

Answer 8

Consumption

Question 9

A process in which complex compounds are broken into simpler compounds

Answer 9

Decomposition

Question 10

Major Types of Ecosystem

Answer 10

Aquatic Biome, Terrestrial Biome

Question 11

Ecosystem found in water bodies

Answer 11

Aquatic Biome

Question 12

Ecosystems found everywhere apart from water bodies

Answer 12

Terrestrial Biome

Question 13

Cover about 75% of Earth’s surface

Answer 13

Aquatic Biome

Question 14

Classification of Aquatic Biomes

Answer 14

Lentic, Lotic, Wetlands, Oceanic Pelagic

Question 15

Non-flowing aquatic biomes are categorized as

Answer 15

Lentic

Question 16

Flowing aquatic biomes are categorized as

Answer 16

Lotic

Question 17

Zones below Oceanic Pelagic

Answer 17

Abyssal Zones

Question 18

Nutrient poor, water is clear, oxygen rich; little productivity by algae, relatively deep with little surface area

Answer 18

Oligotrophic Lake

Question 19

Nutrient rich, lost of algal productivity so it’s oxygen poor at times, water is murkier

Answer 19

Eutrophic Lake

Question 20

Includes marshes, bogs, swamps, seasonal ponds. Among richest biomes with respect to biodiversity and productivity

Answer 20

Wetlands

Question 21

Place where freshwater stream merges with the ocean

Answer 21

Estuary

Question 22

Alternately submerged and exposed by daily cycle of tides

Answer 22

Intertidal Zone

Question 23

Occur in neritic zones of warm, tropical water, dominated by cnidarians

Answer 23

Coral Reefs

Question 24

Occurs in benthic zone; diverse, unusual organisms; energy comes not from the light but from chemicals released from the magma

Answer 24

Deep-sea vent

Question 25

Classifications of Terrestrial Biomes

Answer 25

Forest, Tropical Evergreen Forest, Grassland, Desert, Tropical Deciduous Forest, Tundra

Question 26

abundance of flora is seen and have a large number of organisms living in relatively small areas

Answer 26

Forest

Question 27

receive an average rainfall of 80 to 400 inches in a year

Answer 27

Tropical Evergreen Forest

Question 28

found in both temperate and tropical regions of the world. main vegetation is grasses, legumes; very little amount of shrubs and trees

Answer 28

Grassland

Question 29

seasonally dry with few individual trees; support large number of grazers and predators

Answer 29

Savanna

Question 30

temperate grassland, completely devoid of trees and large shrubs

Answer 30

Prairies

Question 31

Occupy around 17% of all land on the planet

Answer 31

Desert

Question 32

dense bushes and shrubs rule here along with broad levels of trees

Answer 32

Tropical Deciduous Forest

Question 33

enriches earth just south of the ice-covered polar seas in the northern hemisphere

Answer 33

Tundra

Question 34

vertical stratification with trees in canopy blocking light to bottom strata

Answer 34

Tropical Forest

Question 35

dense, spiny, evergreen shrubs, mild rainy winters; long, hot dry summers. periodic fires, some plants require fire for seeds to germinate

Answer 35

Chaparral

Question 36

Marked by seasonal drought and fires, and grazing by large animals

Answer 36

Temperate Grassland

Question 37

Mid-latitudes with moderate mounts of moisture, distinct vertical strata

Answer 37

Temperate Deciduous Forest

Question 38

Largest terrestrial biome on earth

Answer 38

Coniferous Forest

Question 39

permanent frozen ground

Answer 39

permafrost

Question 40

has 20% of land surface on earth

Answer 40

Tundra

Question 41

the study of the processes that affect the distribution and abundance of animal and plant population

Answer 41

population ecology

Question 42

a subset of individuals of one species that occupies a particular geographic area and, in sexually reproducing species, interbreeds

Answer 42

Population

Question 43

is the statistical study of populations

Answer 43

Demography

Question 44

Factors Affecting Population Fluctuation

Answer 44

Density Independent (weather, climate) Density Dependent (spread of diseases, competition for resources)

Question 45

regional groups of interconnected populations

Answer 45

Metapopulation

Question 46

The number of individuals in a population

Answer 46

Population Size

Question 47

3 factors affecting population size

Answer 47

no. of births, no. of deaths, no. of individuals entering and leaving the popoulation

Question 48

The number of individuals in a given area

Answer 48

Population Density

Question 49

the way in which individuals are arranged

Answer 49

Dispersion

Question 50

increase or decrease in the number of people that reside n a particular geographical area

Answer 50

Population Growth

Question 51

the movement of individuals into an area

Answer 51

Immigration

Question 52

the movement of individuals out of an area

Answer 52

Emigration

Question 53

occurs when the population's growth slows or stops following a long period of exponential growth

Answer 53

Logistic Growth

Question 54

Structural Components of the Ecosystem

Answer 54

Biotic and Abiotic