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PSYC 2020 > Lecture 2 - Functional Neuroanatomy 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Functional Neuroanatomy 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What it the CNS and what does it consist of?

A

Central nervous system

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What it the PNS and what does it do?

A

Peripheral Nervous System

outside the skull and spine and transmits information to and from the CNS

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3
Q

Nerves that go to the CNS are referred to as?

A

Afferent (think: advance)

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4
Q

Nerves that go away from the CNS are referred to as?

A

Efferent (think: exit)

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5
Q

What is SNS and what does it do?

A

Somatic Nervous System

interaction with the environment (outside)

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6
Q

What is ANS and what does it do and what are the two types of efferent nerves in it?

A

Autonomic Nervous System
Regulates the body’s internal state (inside)
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

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7
Q

Sympathetic nerves do what?

A

stimulate and organise and mobilise energy in threatening situation

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8
Q

Parasympathetic nerves do what?

A

conserves energy and cools things down

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9
Q

Parasympathetic nerve originate from where?

A

Brain and Lower Back

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10
Q

Sympathetic nerves originate from where?

A

Chest and mid-lower back

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11
Q

Name Cranial Nerve I and what is is related to.

A

Olfactory Nerve

Smell

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12
Q

Name Cranial Nerve II and what is is related to.

A

Optic Nerve

sight

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13
Q

Name Cranial Nerve III and what is is related to.

A

Occulomotor Nerve

Eye movement

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14
Q

Name Cranial Nerve IV and what is is related to.

A

Trochlear Nerve

Eye Movement

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15
Q

Name Cranial Nerve V and what is is related to.

A

Trigeminal Nerve

Facial sensations and chewing

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16
Q

Name Cranial Nerve VI and what is is related to.

A

Abducens Nerve

Eye Movement

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17
Q

Name Cranial Nerve VII and what is is related to.

A

Facial Nerve

Taste - front 2/3

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18
Q

Name Cranial Nerve VIII and what is is related to.

A

Auditory/Vestibular nerve

Hearing

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19
Q

Name Cranial Nerve IX and what is is related to.

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Taste - back 1/3

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20
Q

Name Cranial Nerve X and what is is related to.

A

Vagus Nerve

Gut

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21
Q

Name Cranial Nerve XI and what is is related to.

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve

neck, shoulders, head

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22
Q

Name Cranial Nerve XII and what is is related to.

A

Hypoglossal Nerve

tongue movement

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23
Q

Name the cranial nerves in order.

A

Olfactory, Optic, Occulomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Auditory/Vestibular, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Spinal Accessory, Hyoglossal

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24
Q

Nuclei

A

Cluster of cells within the CNS

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25
Tracts
Cluster of axons within the CNS
26
Ganglia
Cluster of cells within the PNS
27
Nerves
Cluster of axons in the PNS
28
Whats cells outnumber neurons 10:1?
Glial Cells
29
Name the glial cells in the CNS.
Oligodendrocytes
30
Name the glial cells in the PNS
Schwann Cells
31
Name the 4 main types of neurons
Unipolar, Bipolar, Multipolar and multipolar interneuron
32
In how many locations do nerves join the spinal cord
in pairs in 31 locations
33
Dorsal horn: Signals in or out?
In: from body to brain | afferent
34
Ventral horn: Signals in or out?
Out: From brain to body | efferent
35
What are the first five divisions of brain development?
``` Telencephalon Diencephalon Mesencephalon Metencephalon Myelencephalon ```
36
Telencephalon becomes...
Neocortex
37
Diencephalon becomes..
Thalamus and Hypothalamus
38
Mesencephalon becomes...
Tectum and tegmentum
39
Metencephalon becomes...
Pons and cerebellum
40
Myelencephalon becomes...
Medulla and reticular formation
41
Name three of the brain's physical protections
Skull Meninges Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
42
What is the brains chemical protection called?
The blood-brain barrier
43
Name three types of Meninges (meninx).
Dura Mater Arachnoid Meninx Pia Mater Hint: Big mother, scary mother, little mother
44
Function of Medulla
Heart rate and breathing
45
function of reticular formation
role in arousal
46
function of pons
vital functions relay centre
47
function of cerebellum
sensory and motor control | cognitive
48
function of thalamus
relay station
49
What are the three parts of the thalamus?
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (vision), Medial Geniculate Nucleus (auditory), Ventro Posterior Nucleus (sensorimotor)
50
Function of hypothalamus
controls pituitary gland
51
Pituitary gland is responsible for....
lactation, stress, growth and reproduction, blood pressure
52
Limbic system is responsible for...
The Four F's | Fighting, Fleeing, Feeding, Fornicating
53
Function of Basal Ganglia
Voluntary Movement
54
Caudate + Putamen =
Striatum
55
Parkinsons is associated with the degeneration of the pathway between where?
the substantia nigra and the striatum
56
How many layers are in the neocortex
6
57
``` What am I? Large bodies multipolar long axon goes down and inward triangular shape ```
Pyramidal cell
58
``` What am I? small short/no axons transmit laterally starlike ```
Stellate cell
59
order of the parts of the limbic system
``` Amygdala Septum Hippocampus Cingulate Cortex Fornix Mammillary bodies ``` Hint: A Shepherd Has Cotton Clothes For Most Beasts
60
Sulci and sulcus are?
Fissures or valleys
61
Gyri and gyrus are?
Mounds or mountains
62
Purpose of folds and wrinkles on the brain?
to increase surface area or brain without increasing size
63
Where do visual fields cross or converge?
Optic chiasm
64
What is the order of Optic relay?
``` Nerve Chiasm Tract Lateral geniculate Nucleus optic radiation Primary Visual Cortex ```
65
What are our two hemispheres joined by?
Corpus Callosum
66
Define callosotomy
Severing the corpus callosum | split brain patients

PSYC 2020 (8 decks)

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