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Block 4 Module 4 > Lecture 2: Hip, Knee Complex And Ankle Joint > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Hip, Knee Complex And Ankle Joint Flashcards

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1
Q

A structure projecting in the posterior ischium which intervenes the greater and lesser sciatic notches.

A

Ischial spine

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2
Q

It is where hamstring muscles originate.

A

Ischial tuberosity

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3
Q

Obturator foramen is filled by —— membrane

A

Obturator membrane

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4
Q

Maximum contact or closed packed position of the hip joint

A

Flexion
Slight external rotation
Slight abduction

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5
Q

Inferior deficient margin of acetabulum

A

Acetabular notch

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6
Q

Articular surface of acetabulum

A

Lunate surface

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7
Q

Angle of torsion in hip joint.

A

12-15 degrees

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8
Q

Angle of inclination of hip joint

A

126 degrees

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9
Q

A ligament contained inside the acetabular fossa

A

Ligamentum teres

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10
Q

Tension in ligamentum teres occurs during:

A

Add+flexion+external rotation

Add+ext+internal rotation

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11
Q

Small depression in the head o femur

A

Fovea capitis

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12
Q

Normal orientation of femur neck

A

Downward, backward, laterally

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13
Q

Extends SUPERIORLY from the shaft and lateral to the region where the shaft joins the neck and femur

A

Greater trochanter

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14
Q

It is where quadrate tubercle is found

A

Intertrochanteric crest

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15
Q

Angle created by shaft along the vertical axis from lateral to medial

A

7 degrees

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16
Q

It is where muscles and intermuscular septa are attached.

A

Linea aspera

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17
Q

Linea aspera diverge superiorly into ——- in superior medial direction, and ——— in superior lateral direction.

A

Pectineal

Gluteal tuberosity

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18
Q

Linea aspera diverge inferiorly into —— and ——-

A

Medial supracondylar ridge and lateral supracondylar ridge

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19
Q

A flat triangular surface on the posterior inferior shaft.

A

Popliteal surface

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20
Q

Lateral and medial condyles are separated posteriorly by ——.

A

Intercondylar notch

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21
Q

——- tubercle found in the medial epicondyle. It is where adductor muscles insert.

A

Adductor tubercle in the medial epicondyle

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22
Q

The cavity of the acetabulum is deepened by ——-

A

Acetabular labrum

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23
Q

Ligament that bridges that acetabular notch

A

Transverse acetabular ligament

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24
Q

Nerve supply in the hip joint

A

Sciatic, obturator, femoral, nerve to quadratus femoris

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25
3 Ligaments of the hip joint
Ischiofemoral Pubofemoral Iliofemoral
26
Strong inverted y-shaped ligament of bigelow. Attached to AIIS Insert to trochanteric line
Iliofemoral ligament
27
Action of iliofemoral ligament
limits overextension
28
Action of pubofemoral ligament
Limits both extension and ABDUCTION
29
Action of ischiofemoral ligament (a spiral shaped ligament)
Limits extension
30
What are the movements possible in the hip joint?
Flex, extend, abd, add, lateral and medial rotation, circumduction
31
Flexor muscles of the hip joint
Iliopsoas Rectus femoris Sartorius Pectineus
32
Extensor muscles of the hip joint
Gluteus maximus and hamstring muscles (except the short head of biceps femoris)
33
ROM of extension and flexion at hip joint
Ext: 0-10 degrees Flex: 120 degrees (if knee is flexed) and 70-90 degrees if knee is extended Limitation of flexion when knee joint is extended is due to tension in the hamstring muscles.
34
Abductor muscles of the hip joint
Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata, piriformis
35
ROM of hip joint abduction
45 degrees
36
Abduction in the hip joint is limited by what ligament.
Pubofemoral ligament
37
Adductor muscles of the hip joint
Adductor group Pectineus Gracilis
38
ROM of adduction in the hip joint.
30 degrees
39
What limits adduction in the hip joint?
Contact with the opposite limb and | Tension in the ligament in the head of femur
40
Lateral/external rotator muscles of the hip joint
``` Piriformis Deep gluteal muscles -quadratus femoris -gemelli inferior and superior -obturator externus and internus Gluteus maximus Biceps femoris long head ```
41
Internal/medial rotator muscles of the hip joint
Gluteus minimus Gluteus medius Tensor fascia lata ``` SECONDARY ACTORS Semimebranosus Semitendonosus Adductor magnus Adductor longus ```
42
ROM of medial rotation in hip joint
60 degrees
43
ROM of lateral rotation in the hip joint
30 degrees
44
Bones included in the knee complex
Tibia, femur, patella No fibula!
45
Joints in the knee complex
Femorotibial joint | Patellofemoral joint
46
Femorotibial joint is most stable in ———
Extension
47
What joint type does patellofemoral joint belong?
Plane gliding joint
48
This joint functions as pulley for the quadriceps femoris group.
Patellofemoral joint
49
2 types of ligaments in the knee complex
Extracapsular | Intracapsular
50
What are the 4 extracapsular ligaments found in the knee complex?
Ligamentum patellae Oblique popliteal Lateral collateral ligament Medial collateral ligament
51
Ligament attached to the lower border of patella and below the tibial tuberosity.
Ligamentum patellae
52
Tendinous expansion of the SEMIMEMBRANOSUS muscle
Oblique popliteal ligament
53
Ligament attached above to lateral condyle of femur and below tibular head.
Lateral collateral ligament
54
Ligament attached above to medial condyle of femur and below tibular head.
Medial collateral ligament
55
Action of lateral collateral ligament.
Prevents adduction of tibia on femur It is taut on extension, slack on flexion
56
Prevents abduction of tibia on femur
Medial collateral ligament
57
What are the 3 intracapsular ligaments found in the knee complex?
Menisci Anterior cruciate ligament Posterior cruciate ligament
58
C chaoed fibrocartilage sheet
Menisci
59
Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on tibia
Anterior cruciate ligament
60
Prevents anterior displacement of the femur on tibia
Posterior cruciate ligament
61
In drawers test: If tibia translates anteriorly-it results to ——- If tibia translates posteriorly-it results to ——-
ACL tear | PCL tear
62
Are peripheral borders attached to capsule Inner border is thin and concave Functions to deepen articular surface Serves as cushion Attached to tibia through their horns in the intercondylar fossa
Menisci
63
What are the bursae found in the anterior knee?
Suprapatellar (inflammation: stiff knee) Prepatellar (inflammation: house maids knee) Superficial interpatellar ``` Deep interpatellar (inflammation: vicars knee) ```
64
Extensor muscles of the knee joint.
Quadriceps femoris group
65
Flexor muscles of the knee joint
Posterior superficial muscles (biceps femoris, semitendosus and membranosus) Gracilis Popliteus
66
Medial rotators of the knee
Sartorius Gracilis Semitendonosus
67
Lateral rotator of the knee
Biceps femoris
68
ROM Flexion of the knee
120 to 150 degrees
69
ROM extension of the knee
Hyperextension not more than 15 degrees
70
Mechanism where in the last 20 degrees of knee extension, the tibia externally rotates 10-20 degrees on the fixed femur, the femur internally rotates on tibia -it occurs in active and passive knee extension
Screw home
71
Joint between the tibia and the crus
Talocrural joint
72
Bones included in the ankle joint
Talus, medial malleolus of tibia, and lateral mallelus of fibula
73
2 types of ligaments in the ankle joint
Medial/deltoid ligament | Lateral ligament
74
What are the 4 medial collateral ligaments in the ankle joint?
Tibionavicular (superficial) Calcaneotibial ligament (superficial) Anterior talotibial ligament (deep) limits plantarflexion Posterior talotibial ligament (deep) limite dorsiflexion
75
What are the 3 lateral collateral ligaments found in the ankle joint?
``` Anterior talofibular ligament (limits plantarflexion) Calcaneofibular ligament (from lateral malleolus to calcaneum) Posterior talofibular (limits dorsiflexion) ```
76
Muscles for dorsiflexion of ankle joint.
Anterior compartment of the leg - extensor hallucis longus - extensor digitorium longus - tibialis anterior - peroneus tertius
77
Muscles for plantarflexion of ankle joint.
Posterior and lateral muscles of the leg - peroneus tertius brevis and longus - gastrocnemius - soleus - tibialis posterior - flexor hallucis longus - flexor digitorium longus
78
ROM For plantarflexion of the ankle joint
35 degrees
79
ROM For dorsiflexion of the ankle joint
25 degrees
80
Nerve supply for ankle joints
Deep peroneal and tibial nerves
81
*choose one inside the parenthesis Acute sprains of the lateral ankle is causes by excessive (INVERSION or EVERSION) of the foot with (PLANTARFLEXION OR DORSIFLEXION) of the ankle. ——— and ——- ligaments are partially torn, causing great pain and local swelling.
Inversion Plantarflexion Anterior talofibular Calcaneofibular
82
*choose one inside the parenthesis Acute sprains of the medial ankle is caused by excessive (INVERSION or EVERSION) of the foot. ——— ligament is affected.
Eversion | Medial/deltoid ligament
83
Fracture dislocations of the ankle joint is caused by forced ———-
External rotation and over eversion of the foot

Block 4 Module 4 (3 decks)

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