Lecture 1: Buttocks And Thigh Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
4 gateways of neurovascular bundles in lower extremities
A
- Inguinal notch
- Greater sciatic
- Lower sciatic
- Obturator foramen
2
Q
Superior and inferior boundaries of buttocks
A
Iliac crest (sup) Fold of buttocks (inf)
3
Q
Cutaneous innervation of upper medial quadrant of buttocks
A
Posterior rami of the upper 3 LUMBAR NERVES and upper 3 SACRAL NERVES
4
Q
Cutaneous innervation of upper lateral quadrant of buttocks
A
Lateral branches of iliohypogastric
Anterior rami of 12th thoracic nerves
5
Q
Cutaneous innervation of lower lateral quadrant of buttocks
A
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (L2 and L3, anterior rami)
6
Q
Cutaneous innervation of the lower medial quadrant
A
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (S1, S2, S3, anterior rami)
7
Q
Cutaneous innervation of the skin over the coccyx
A
Lower sacral and coccygeal nerves
8
Q
It is a group of lymph nodes where lymph vessels from buttocks drain
A
Lateral group of superficial inguinal nodes
9
Q
2 fasciae found in buttocks
A
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia
10
Q
The deep fascia of the thigh
A
Fascia lata
11
Q
Thickened fascia along the lateral aspect of the thigh
A
Iliotibial tract
12
Q
The muscle continuous with the superior border of the iliotibial tract
A
tensor fascia lata
13
Q
The highest portion of the lower extremity
A
Iliac crest
14
Q
3 bones of the hip bone
A
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
15
Q
- Point where the 3 bones of the hip bone meet
- Fossa where head of femur insert
A
Acetabulum
16
Q
The inferior margin of the acetabulum
A
Acetabular notch
17
Q
The floor of the acetabulum
A
Acetabular fossa
18
Q
The joint formed by sacrum and articular surface of iliac
A
Sacroiliac joint
19
Q
Articulation of pubis of the hip inferiorly
A
Symphysis pubis
20
Q
6 important landmarks in the iliac ASIS
A
AIIS PSIS PIIS Iliac tubercle Iliac crest
21
Q
Largest muscle in the body
A
Gluteus maximus
22
Q
Locations of the 3 bursa associated with the gluteus maximus
A
- Between tendon of insertion and the greater trochanter
- Between tendon of insertion and vastus lateralis
- Overlying the ischial tuberosity
23
Q
The muscle that is continuous with the iliotibial tract and assist the gluteus maximus in keeping the knee at extended position
A
Tensor fascia lata
24
Q
Only muscle that passes through the greater sciatic foramen
A
Piriformis
25
Fan-shaped muscle that lies within the pelvis at its origin; muscle netween the gemellus inferior and superior
Obturator foramen
26
Muscle inferior to gemellus inferior
Quadratus femoris
27
Components of triceps coxae
Obturator internus
G. Superior
G. Inferior
28
Action of superficial gluteal muscles
Abductors and extenders
| And also medial rotators for all except gluteus maximus, which assist in lateral rotation
29
These are the four superficial gluteal muscles
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus mininmus
Tensor fascia lata
30
Arterial supply for gluteus medius, tensor fascia lata and gluteus minimus
Superior gluteal artery
31
Arterial supply for gluteus maximus
Inferior gluteal artery
32
Action of deep gluteal muscles
Lateral rotators
33
These are the deep gluteal muscles
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Gemelli inferior and superior
Quadratus femoris
34
2 ligaments that support the sacroiliac joint
| These ligaments prevent rotation of sacrum in the sacroiliac joint.
Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments
35
Structures or foramina formed by the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments
Greater and lesser sciatic foramen
36
Direction of structures that passes through the greater sciatic foramen
From pelvic to gluteal region
37
Direction of structures that passes through the lesser sciatic foramen
From gluteal region to perineum
38
Structures that passes through the lesser sciatic foramen
1. Tendon of obturator internus
2. Nerve to obturator internus
3. Pudendal nerve
4. Internal pudendal artery and vein
39
only nerve passing the greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis muscle
Superior gluteal nerve
40
Nerves that pass through the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis
1. Inferior gluteal nerves
2. Sciatic nerve
3. Post femoral cutaneous
4. Pudendal nerve
41
supplies structures in the perineum
Pudendal nerve
42
Provides the main blood supply to the head of the femur
Trochanteric anastomosis
43
Components of trochanteric anastomosis
superior gluteal artery
inferior gluteal artery
medial femoral circumflex artery
lateral femoral circumflex artery
44
it is situated at the level of the lesser trochanter of the femur;
together with the trochanteric anastomosis, provides a connection between the internal iliac and femoral arteries
Cruciate anastomosis
45
What are the Arteries that take part in the cruciate anastomosis?
Inferior gluteal artery
Medial femoral circumflex artery
Lateral femoral circumflex artery
First perforating artery
46
A superficial fascia that extend into the thigh and continues down over the lower limb without interruption
Fatty layer of superficial fascia
47
A gap in the fascia in friont of the thigh just below the inguinal ligament. It is where the femoral vein and saphenous vein diverge
Fossa ovalis or saphenous opening
48
The lower lateral margin of the saphenous opening which lies anterior to the femoral vessels
Falciform margin
49
Loose connective tissue in the saphenous opening
Cribriform fascia
50
The longest vein
Saphenous vein
51
Saphenous vein starts at the ———
Foot
52
The first segment of great saphenous vein drains at the ——
Median dorsal venous arch
53
What vessel is found superficial to median malleolus?
Great saphenous
54
What are the 3 tributaries of the great saphenous vein in the saphenous opening?
Superficial circumflex iliac vein
Superficial epigastric vein
Superficial external pudendal vein
55
What vessel is used for venous cutdown and coronary bypass surgery?
Great saphenous vein
56
What are the two main groups of lymph nodes in the lower limb?
Deep and superficial
57
Horizontal group of superficial inguinal nodes receive lymph vessels from what areas?
1. Anterior wall below the umbilicus
2. Back portion below the iliac crest, buttocks
3. External genitalia
4. Urethra
5. Lower half of anal canal
58
Vertical group of superficial inguinal nodes receive lymph vessels from what areas?
1. Lower limbs
59
The inguinal group which is under the deep fascia.
It lies along the medial side of femoral vein.
It passes through the femoral canal to join the nodes along the exterior iliac vessels.
Deep inguinal nodes
60
Three fascial compartments of the thigh.
Medial
Anterior
Posterior
61
A structure that divides the thigh into three compartments.
Linea aspera
62
Longest muscle of the thigh
Sartorius
63
Most superficial muscle of the anterior thigh
Sartorius
64
A muscle in the thigh that covers the femoral artery.
Sartorius
65
Strongest flexor of the thigh
Iliopsoas
66
An important antigravity postural muscles for erect posture
Iliopsoas
67
Biggest muscle of the body
Quadriceps femoris group
68
Which is stronger, hamstring or quadriceps?
Quadriceps
69
Arterial supply of anterior thigh.
Femoral artery
70
Nerve supply of anterior thigh
Femoral nerve
71
Femoral artery starts at ——- and ends at ——-, to become ———artery.
Inguinal ligament
Adductor hiatus
Popliteal
72
The 6 branches of femoral artery
Superficial circumflex iliac artery
Superficial epigastric (supplies region of umbilicus)
Superficial external pudendal artery
Deep external pudendal artery
Profunda femoris (largest branch)
Descending genicular artery (most distal)
73
Femoral vein becomes ——- vein after passing through the ———-.
Popliteal vein
| adductor hiatus
74
The largest branch of lumbar plexus which supplies anterior thigh muscles
Femoral nerve
- not included in the femoral sheath
- passes laterally from psoas muscle and then downward between psoas and iliacus muscle
75
3 borders of femoral triangle
```
Inguinal ligament (at the superior)
Adductor longus (at the medial side)
Sartorius (at the lateral side)
```
76
Floor of the femoral triangle
Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Adductor longus
77
Roof of the femoral triangle
Fascia lata
78
Contents of the femoral triangle
NAVEL
79
Femoral sheath is continuous above with ——- fascia in the abdominal wall.
Transversalis fascia
80
Upper opening of femoral canal.
Femoral ring
81
A condensation of extraperitoneal tissue that closes the femoral canal
Femoral septum
82
Contents of femoral canal
Fatty connective tissue
Lymph vessels from deep inguinal nodes
Node of cloquet
83
Other name for adductor canal
Subsartorial canal (because it is under the sartorius muscle)
84
Boundaries of the adductor canal.
Roof: sartorius
Floor: add longus and magnus
Lateral: vastus medialis
85
———- do not pass through the adductor hiatus
Nerves
86
Annopening in the tendon of adductor magnus
Adductor hiatus
87
Weakest, most medial, long slender muscle in the medial compartment of the thigh.
Gracilis
88
Triangular muscle that has both adductor and hamstring part.
Adductor magnus
89
A large artery that branch out laterally from femoral artery
Profunda femoris
90
A branch of internal iliac artery
Obturator artery
91
Two nerves that run medially from the psoas muscle
Obturator nerve and genitofemoral nerve
92
Blood supply of the medial thigh
Profunda femoris ( its perforating branch supplies the posterior compartment) and obturator artery
93
Nerve supply of medial thigh
Obturator nerve
94
Criteria for hamstring muscles
Origin in ischial tuberosity
Insertion in either fibula or tibia
Nerve supply must be from tibial portion of sciatic nerve
95
Posterior thigh muscle that is not part of the hamstring muscle
Biceps femoris short head
96
Nerve supply of biceps femoris short head
Common peroneal branch of sciatic nerve
97
Boundaries of the popliteal fossa
Semitendosus semi membranosus
Biceps femoris
Heads of gastrocnemius
98
Contents of popliteal fossa
Popliteal artery and vein
Tibial nerve
Common peroneal nerve
