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Block 4 Module 4 > Lecture 3: Leg and Foot > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Leg and Foot Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

weight bearing bone of the leg

A

tibia

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2
Q

largest sesamoid bone (developed from the
quadriceps femoris muscle tendon in front of the knee
joint)

A

patella

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3
Q

non- weight bearing bone of the leg

A

fibula

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4
Q

Deep Fascia is absent over the subcutaneous part of _____

A

medial surface of tibia;

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5
Q

what are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A 
Tibialis anterior (most prominent)
Extensor hallucis longus (extensor of big foot)
Extensor digitorum longus
Peroneus tertius
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6
Q

Blood supply of anterior compartment of the leg

A

Anterior tibial artery (brand of popliteal

artery)

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7
Q

Nerve Supply of anterior compartment of leg

A

Deep peroneal nerve

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8
Q

action of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

Extension/ dorsiflexion

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9
Q

biggest compartment of the leg

A

posterior compartment

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10
Q

Superficial Muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg.

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus (biggest muscle of leg)
Plantaris/ “Freshman’s nerve” (mistaken as nerve due to its long tendon

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11
Q

Deep Muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

Popliteus
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior

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12
Q

Blood supply of posterior compartment of the leg

A

Posteriortibial artery

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13
Q

nerve supply of posterior compartment of the leg

A

Tibial nerve

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14
Q

action of posterior compartment of the leg

A

Plantar flexion

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15
Q

Muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Peroneus longus/ Fibularis longus

Peroneus brevis/ Fibularis brevis

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16
Q

nerve supply of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

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17
Q

action of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Eversion

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18
Q

what are the derivatives of deep fascia in the leg?

A

Interosseous membrane
Ant. Fascial septum
Post. Fascial septum
Deep transverse fascia

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19
Q

deep fascia between fibula and tibia

A

Interosseous membrane

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20
Q

deep fascia that divides ant. and lat.

compartments

A

Ant. Fascial septum

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21
Q

deep fascia that divides ant. and lat.

compartments

A

Ant. Fascial septum

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22
Q

deep fascia that divides post. deep and post.

superficial compartments

A

Deep transverse fascia

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23
Q 
The impingement of
the neurovascular bundle because fascial
compartment prevents outward swelling of
muscle; may cause ischemia; most common in
lower extremities.
A

Compartment syndrome

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24
Q

incisions made in the fascia to release pressure and treat compartment syndrome (posteriomedial and anteriolateral incision)

A

Fasciotomy

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25
dorsum muscles of the foot
Extensor digitorum brevis | Extensor hallucis brevis
26
1st layer in the sole muscles
Abd. hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Abd. digiti minimi
27
2nd layer in the sole muscles
Quadratus plantae Lumbricals – 2nd to 5th digits Flexor hallucis longus tendon Flexor digitorum longus tendon
28
3rd layer in the sole muscles
Flexor hallucis breves Add. Hallucis Flexor digiti minimi brevis
29
4th layer in the sole muscles
Interossei Peroneus longus tendon Tibialis post. tendon
30
Thickened bands of deep fascia around the ankle joint
RETINACULA OF ANKLE
31
extensor retinaculum that binds tendons of muscles of anterior leg compartment
Superior extensor retinaculum “Transverse Ligament”
32
what structure does superior extensor retinaculum (transverse ligament) cover in the medial/ tibial side and covered w/ synovial sheath?
Tibialis anterior
33
what structure does superior extensor retinaculum (transverse ligament) cover in the lateral/ ulnar side and w/o synovial sheath?
Ext. hallucis longus Ext. digitorum longus Peroneus tertius
34
Y- shaped • more important since it holds more structures • B1. Stem – lateral side • B2. Upper – medial malleolus • B3. Lower – continuous w/ plantar fascia
Inferior extensor retinaculum “Cruciate Ligament”
35
retinaculum behind the medial malleolus to medial calcaneum
FLEXOR RETINACULUM “TARSAL TUNNEL” (MEDIAL)
36
structures covered by the flexor retinaculum/tarsal tunnel
``` Tibialis posterior Flexor digitalis longus Artery: Post. tibial Nerve: Tibial Flexor hallucis longus ```
37
retinacula that binds tendons from lateral leg compartment
peroneal retinacula
38
retinaculum that Binds Peroneus and Peroneus brevis due to common synovial sheath
Superior peroneal retinaculum
39
It is the continuation of inferior extensor retinaculum (stem of Y) on the lateral side. It binds Peroneus longus and brevis (with separate synovial sheath)
Inferior peroneal retinaculum
40
Deep fascia of the foot
PLANTAR APONEUROSIS
41
ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF THE LEG?
From branches of popliteal artery (after adductor | hiatus)
42
A branch of popliteal artery that: • Move to anterior by piercing through the interosseous membrane • Smaller • Supplies anterior fascial compartment
ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY
43
A branch of popliteal artery that: * Larger * supplies bigger post. compartments
POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY
44
• Divides medial and lateral plantar artery  branch to | peroneal artery  goes down becomes dorsalis pedis
POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY
45
* Branch of post. tibial artery from post. tibial artery * Pierces post. fascial septum * Blood supply of lateral compartment
PERONEAL ARTERY/ FIBULAR ARTERY
46
* Arterial blood supply of dorsal foot * Continuation of ant. tibial artery * Farthest palpable artery
Dorsalis pedis
47
a vessel that connects dorsalis pedis with lateral plantar artery by passing between the 1st dorsal interosseous muscle to form plantar arch
deep plantar artery
48
arterial supply in the plantar and medial side of the big toe
Medial plantar artery
49
arterial supply in the plantar and lateral side of the big toe
Lateral plantar artery
50
Vein that drains the whole foot
Dorsal venous arch
51
Dorsal venous arch drains to ____ in the medial malleolus and ___ in the lateral mallelous.
great saphenous | small saphenous
52
small saphenous drains to _____
Popliteal vein and/or Great saphenous vein
53
deep veins of the foot
Venae Comitantes
54
Venae Comitantes drains to ____
Popliteal vein
55
The one responsible for venous pump
Venae Comitantes
56
deep veins move blood upward due to contraction of large muscle soleus and pulsation of adjacent arteries
venous pump note: Contraction: veins constrict - valves open- blood is pumped upward Relaxation: veins dilate- valves close- blood stays
57
common in elderly after a long plane ride; manifested by difficulty in breathing
deep venous thrombosis
58
worse deep venous | thrombosis
pulmonary embolism
59
prolonged relaxation of calf muscles causes thrombosis in the vein
deep venous insufficiency
60
Communicating vessels between superficial and deep veins of the leg
PERFORATING VEINS
61
Dysfunctional valves: flow of blood reverses causing
varicose veins
62
nerve that is sensory to the skin of dorsum except 1st web space and lateral side of little toe
Superficial peroneal nerve
63
nerve that is sensory to the skin of 1st web space
Deep peroneal nerve
64
loss of eversion in the ankle joint results from the injury of what nerve?
Superficial peroneal nerve
65
loss of dorsiflexion, loss of extension of tones, sensory loss at 1st web space of the foot results from the injury of what nerve?
Deep peroneal nerve
66
``` ARCH OF MOVEMENT (not included in footprint) Calcaneus Talus Navicular 3 cuneiforms 3 inner metatarsals ```
MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH
67
WEIGHT BEARING (forms footprint) Calcaneus Cuboid 2 outer metatarsals
LATERAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH
68
Forms half an arch(rainbow-shaped) | Bases of the 5 metatarsals and the cuboid and cuneiforms
TRANSVERSE ARCH

Block 4 Module 4 (3 decks)

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