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Biological Sciences > Lecture 2 - Occular tissue types 1: Intro to the eye and covering epithelia > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Occular tissue types 1: Intro to the eye and covering epithelia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 tissue types in the body

A
  • Nervous
  • Muscular
  • Epithelial
  • Connective
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2
Q

Nervous tissue

A

makes up nervous system and sends electrical messages around body
involves nerve cells - neurones - sensory and motor
in the eye nerve cells are associated with….
cornea ( sensory ) messaged to brain
ciliary body ( motor ) info from brain to muscles
make up most of retinaW

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3
Q

Muscular tissue

A

movement/ contraction

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4
Q

What is epithelial tissue divided into

A
  • Covering - protection e.g. skin

- Glandular - secretion

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5
Q

Connective tissue

A

body’s packaging material

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6
Q

How do we see and interpret things

A
  • Photons travel in wavelight motion
  • Light hits object - light we see enters eye - reflected
  • Turn light energy into electrical signals transmitted along optic nerve
  • Brain interprets signals
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7
Q

What are bones of orbit

A

Hollow structures in which the eyes sit, attached by muscles which move the eye
7 bones
Eyes in our head

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8
Q

What is around bones of orbit

A

Packaging material - connective tissue

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9
Q

What are the muscles of the eye

A
  • superior rectus - eye moves up
  • superior oblique
  • medial rectus - eye moves inwards
  • lacteral rectus - right eye moves outwards
  • inferior oblique
  • inferior rectus - moves eye down
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10
Q

What do muscles of eye do

A

Fix eyes in place

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11
Q

How many rectus muscles

A

4

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12
Q

How many oblique muscles and what do they do

A

2

rotate eye

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13
Q

What is melanin

A

pigment in epithelial cells
Accounts for variation in skin colour
many of epithilia lining inside of eye is pigmented with melanin ….
- absorbs stray light
- improve image quality - black box effect

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14
Q

What is adnexa and what does it consist of

A

Other stuff not in eye

  • extraocular muscles
  • eyelids
  • conjunctiva
  • lacrimal gland
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15
Q

what is conjunctiva

A

thin membrane, lines back surface of eyelid, exposed bit of sclera
contains goblet cells

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16
Q

what is lacrimal gland

A

produces bulk of tear film

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17
Q

What happens when you blink

A

Secrete tear film into conjucitval sac
All secretions spread over eye
Spreads tear film over eye’s exposed surface when we blink
Tears drained over puncta - through holes called lacrimal punctum into lacrimal sac and then nose

18
Q

What are the three types of muscular tissue

A
  • Skeletal
  • Smooth
  • Cardiac
19
Q

Skeletal muscle

A
  • Found attached to skeleton via tendons, or through connective tissue sheet
  • Voluntary control - contract and relax - generate force
  • Striated
  • Forceful and strong
    e. g. actin/myosin, extraocular muscles, eyelid muscle - orbiculiris oculi - closes eyelid when it contractsq
20
Q

Smooth muscle cells

A
  • Found in walls of internal organs, blood vessels and internal muscles of eye
  • Involuntary
  • Helps to propel and expel liquid within and from the body
  • Non - striated
  • Slow
  • Weak
    e,g, muscles of iris and ciliary body
21
Q

What shape are epithelial cells

A

Polyhedral - fit together without gaps with strong attachments between adjacent cells
Hexagonal

22
Q

What can the free apical surface of covering epithelia be

A
  • Smooth/ flat or

- Covered with micrvilli/ folds - increase SA or cillia - made of microtubules - beat and trap mucus

23
Q

What can the opposite ( basal ) surface of covering epithelia be

A

Rests on a basement membrane
Part of it secreted by,,,
- epithelial cells
- connective tissue

24
Q

Properties of epithelial tissue

A
  • Regenerative
  • Avascular
  • Innervated by both sensory and motor nerve fibres
25
Q

Summary of covering epithelia

A
  • Regenerative
  • Avascular
  • Innervated by both sensory and motor nerve fibres
  • Rests on a basement membrane
  • Joined to each other by series of junctions
  • Polyhedral - hexagonal
  • Apical surface - cilia/microvilli
26
Q

What are the classifications of covering epithelia

A
  • Shape of cells

- Number of layers

27
Q

Shape of epithelial cells classifcation

A
  • Squamous - flat/lying down
  • Cuboidal - round
  • Columnar - elongated/long/oval
28
Q

Number of layers epithelial cells classification

A
  • Simple - 1 layer

- Stratified - many layers

29
Q

What are the 8 types of covering epithelia

A
  • Stratified squamous
  • Stratified cuboidal
  • Stratified columnar
  • Transitional
  • Simple squamous
  • Simple cuboidal
  • Simple columnar
  • Pseudostratified
30
Q

How many layers does cornea have and what are they

A 
5
epithelium - covering epithelium 
bowmans layer
stroma - bulk of cornea
descemets membrane
endothelium - internal epithelium
31
Q

is corneal stroma transparent or opaque and why

A

transparent

due to tightly packed and regularly arranged collagen fibres

32
Q

What is outer corneal layer known as and where is it located

A

Corneal epithelium

Front of eye

33
Q

What type of epithelium is corneal epithelium and why

A

Stratified squamous
Protects from dirt, eyelids
Found in areas subject to abrasion

34
Q

What is the outer, acellular, layer of the stratified squamous epithelium composed of?

A

Dead cells made up of keratin, good for abrasion and waterproof

35
Q

Where is stratified epithelium found

A

Cornea - protect eyelids

36
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Cell shape can change

e.g wall of bladder

37
Q

Summary of stratified epithelia

A
  • Multilayered
  • Found in areas subject to abrasion
  • e.g. skin - keratinised
38
Q

Simple epithelia

A

Single layer, flat cells

39
Q

Example of simple epithelia and why

A

corneal endothelium - Simple squamous
Single layer of flat cells = diffuse easily across barrier of minimal thickness
Ideal for areas where exchange of substances is required - allows avascular cornea to exchange substances with aqueous humour

40
Q

What is corneal endothelium

A

inner surface of cornea

41
Q

Other examples of simple squamous - non ocular

A
  • Lining of blood vessels

- Alveoli of lungs

Biological Sciences (27 decks)

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