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Biological Sciences > Lecture 2 - part 2 - Glandular epithelium and connective tissue > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - part 2 - Glandular epithelium and connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of gland

A
  • Endocrine - secrete into blood stream

- Exocrine - secrete into ducts

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2
Q

Modes of glandular secretion

A
  • Merocrine - secreted via exocytosis
  • Apocrine - tip of cell sheds - breaks off
  • Holocrine - whole cell ruptures
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3
Q

Types of glandular secretion

A
  • Mucous - sticky - stains lightly
  • Serous - watery - stains darkly
  • Sebaceous - oily
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4
Q

What gland secretes mixed

A

Lacrimal gland

mucous and serous

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5
Q

What can glandular exocrine glands be split into

A
  • Unicellular glands

- Multicellular glands

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6
Q

What is example of unicellular gland

A

Goblet cells

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7
Q

Which ocular tissue contains goblet cells and why?

A

Conjunctiva in the upper eyelid.
In the conjunctiva goblet cells are a source of mucin in tears and they also secrete different types of mucins onto the ocular surface.
Mucus binds aqueous and tear film in your eye + Secrete proteins

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8
Q

Role of goblet cells

A

Produce mucous

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9
Q

Where are goblet cells found

A

Conjunctiva

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10
Q

What forms the mucous part of tear film

A

Conjunctival goblet cells - cover posterior ( back )surface of eyelids and exposed surface of eye (limbus)

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11
Q

What do goblet cells have

A

triangular nucleus + large lumen

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12
Q

What are multicellular glands divided into

A

Simple ( one duct )
Compound ( several ducts ) - bundles of secretory cells
Each duct has secretory units - secrete substances into guts

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13
Q

What is example of simple multicellular gland

A

tarsal gland - found in upper and lower eyelids

They open onto the ocular surface via pores at the eyelid margin

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14
Q

What is example of multicellular compound gland

A

Lacrimal gland

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15
Q

what part of tear film does lacrimal glands secrete

A

Aqueous component - serous secretions

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16
Q

What part of tear film does tarsal gland produce

A

Lipid layer - oily

17
Q

What is connective tissue

A
  • Acellular
  • Consists of:
    • Ground subsntance
    • Different types of fibres
    • Small number of various types of cell
18
Q

What are 4 types of connective tissue

A
  • Cartilage
  • Bone
  • Blood
  • Connective tissue proper
19
Q

What is ground substance

A

background substance ( consisting mainly of glycoproteins and proteoglycans ), in which the other elements of connective tissue are suspended

20
Q

What does ground substance do

A

Suspends fibres

21
Q

What are the different types of fibres

A

collagen - thickest and strongest, unstrechable
elastic - thinner than collagen, recoils
reticular - thicker than elastic, thinner than collagen, type of collagen

22
Q

What are the different types of cells in connective tissue

A
  • Fibroblasts
  • Plasma cells - produces antibodies
  • Macrophages - phagocytosis
  • Mast cells - inflammatory response
23
Q

What are fibroblasts

A
  • Secrete fibres and ground substance
  • Thermal insulation,
  • Energy store
  • Protection against mechanical shock
  • Often 2D and flat
24
Q

Where are fibroblasts found

A

stroma of cornea - tightly packed collagen fibres

25
Q

What fibres are secreted by fibroblasts

A

collagen

26
Q

What is connective tissue divided into

A

Loose - fibres loosely arranged

and Dense - fibres densley arranged

27
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Aereolar

Adipose

28
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Regular - specific order, same diameter

Irregular - randomly arranged, varying diameters

29
Q

Loose areolar connective tissue

A

Packaging material of body
soft and pliable
most widely distributed type of connective tissue
traps fluid
light, fluffy, air
loosely arranged - lots of air pockets - like cotton wool

30
Q

Where in the eye do you find aereolar connective tissue and why

A 
The stroma (body) of the iris
allows it to change shape - pupil expands- contracts easily
- iris changes size as muscles contract to alter size of pupil
31
Q

Loose adipose connective tissue

A

Made up of fat cells - adipocytes - appear as white spaces as all organelles have been pushed to the side and whole cells occupied by fat droplet

32
Q

What are the functions of adipose connective tissue?

A

Thermal insulation
Energy store
Protect against mechanical shock

33
Q

What adipose connective tissue is associated with the eye?

A

Around outside of eye – surrounds lacrimal gland.

34
Q

Dense regular connective tissue

A
  • Compact
  • Regulary arranged collagen fibres
  • Strong
  • Collagen fibres same size and same direction
35
Q

what is an example of a dense regular connective tissue

A

The corneal stroma

Regularly arranged collagen - makes it transparent

36
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A
  • Less regularly arranged collagen fibres and keratin

- Different sizes and directions

37
Q

what is an example of a dense irregular connective tissue

A

Sclera

Irregularly arranged - makes it opaque

38
Q

Summary of connective tissue proper in eye

A 
Loose..
      Areolar: Iris
      Adipose:  Lacrimal gland
Dense....
     Regular: Corneal Stroma
     Irregular: Sclera

Biological Sciences (27 decks)

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