Lecture 2 pt 1

Question 1

what kind of RNA are translated

Answer 1

mRNA only

Question 2

what percent of RNA in a cell are mRNAs

Answer 2

3-5%

Question 3

what percent of RNA in a cell are rRNAs

Answer 3

75-80%

Question 4

what percent of RNA in a cell are tRNAs

Answer 4

10-15%

Question 5

what percent of RNA in a cell are all the RNAs other than mRNA, rRNA, tRNA

Answer 5

less than 5%

Question 6

order the different RNAs in order of percentage in a cell

Answer 6

• most
• rRNA
• tRNA
• mRNA
• everything else
• least

Question 7

the template strand is the _________ (coding/ non- coding) strand

Answer 7

non-coding

Question 8

the non-template strand is the _________ (coding/ non- coding) strand

Answer 8

coding strand

Question 9

RNA has the same sequence as the _______ (coding/ template) DNA strand except U instead of T (and the sugar)

Answer 9

coding

Question 10

what follows the central dogma

Answer 10

• all cells
• except retroviruses and prions

Question 11

what is for the permanent storage of genetic info

Answer 11

DNA

Question 12

what is for the transient storage of genetic info

Answer 12

RNA

Question 13

what is the final gene product

Answer 13

protein

Question 14

when is RNA not for the transient storage of genetic info

Answer 14

structural and catalytic RNA

Question 15

when is protein not the final gene product

Answer 15

when the final product is structural and catalytic RNS

Question 16

what does mRNA stand for

Answer 16

messenger RNA

Question 17

what does rRNA stand for

Answer 17

ribosomal RNA

Question 18

what does tRNA stand for

Answer 18

transfer RNA

Question 19

what does snRNA stand for

Answer 19

small nuclear RNA

Question 20

what does snoRNA stand for

Answer 20

small nuclear RNA (same as snRNA)

Question 21

what does lncRNA stand for

Answer 21

long noncoding RNA

Question 22

what does miRNA stand for

Answer 22

MicroRNAs

Question 23

what does siRNA stand for

Answer 23

small interfering RNA

Question 24

what does piRNA stand for

Answer 24

Piwi-interacting RNA

Question 25

what do mRNAs do

Answer 25

code for proteins

Question 27

are exons normally long or short compared to introns

Answer 27

- exons= short - introns= long

Question 28

what is one of the central problems in producing proteins from info in genomes

Answer 28

- most steps depend on conventional nucleic acid base pairing - which is only modestly accurate

Question 29

what do mRNAs stand for and what do they do

Answer 29

- messenger RNAs - code for proteins

Question 30

what do rRNAs stand for and what do they do

Answer 30

- ribosomal RNAs - form the basic structure of the ribosome and catalyze protein synthesis

Question 31

what do tRNAs stand for and what do they do

Answer 31

- transfer RNAs - central to protein synthesis as the adaptors between mRNA and AA - serve as the adaptors that select amino acids and hold them in place on a ribosome for incorporation into protein

Question 32

what do snRNAs stand for and what do they do

Answer 32

- small nuclear RNA - function in a variety of nuclear processes, - direct the splicing of pre-mRNA to form mRNA

Question 33

what do snoRNAs stand for and what do they do

Answer 33

- Small nucleolar RNAs - help to process and chemically modify rRNAs

Question 34

what do lncRNAs stand for and what do they do

Answer 34

- Long noncoding RNAs - not all of which appear to have a function; some serve as scaffolds and regulate diverse cell processes, including X-chromosome inactivation

Question 35

what do miRNAs stand for and what do they do

Answer 35

- MicroRNAs - regulate gene expression by blocking translation of specific mRNAs and causing their degradation

Question 36

what do siRNAs stand for and what do they do

Answer 36

- Small interfering RNAs - turn off gene expression by directing the degradation of selective mRNAs and helping to establish repressive chromatin structures

Question 37

what do piRNAs stand for and what do they do

Answer 37

- Piwi-interacting RNAs - bind to piwi proteins and protect the germ line from transposable elements