Lecture 2 The Skull and Cranial Cavity Flashcards

(57 cards)

1
Q

what is the scalp

A

tissues covering the skull superficially

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2
Q

what makes up the scalp

A
Skin 
Connective tissue (dense)
aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis muscle 
Loose connective tissue 
periosteum of the skull
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3
Q

Which layer of the scalp will contain the majority of the blood vessels supplying the tissues of the scalp?

A

dense connective tissue

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4
Q

what happens when the scalp is lacerated

A

bleed profusely

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5
Q

why does the scalp bleed profusely

A

dct unable to retract to original position so bv’s stay open

Aponeurotic layer and loose connective tissue moves

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6
Q

what must happen when suturing the scalp

A

all layers closed in suturing

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7
Q

what is the skull

A

bony casing surrounding the brain

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8
Q

what makes up the skull

A

neurocranium

viscerocranium

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9
Q

what is the neurocranium

A

bones surrounding the brain

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10
Q

what is the viscerocranium

A

facial skeleton

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11
Q

how do the skull bones join

A

at sutures

form at 5y/o

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12
Q

what is the skull like before the sutures close

A

cartilaginous structures called fontanelles present

allow brain to move and grow

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13
Q

what makes up the neurocranium

A
most bones share  names with lobe of brain they cover
parietal
occipital
temporal
sphenoid
frontal
ethmoid
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14
Q

what makes up the viscerocranium

A
nasal
lacrimal
vomer
maxilla
zygoma
inferior conchae
mandible
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15
Q

what makes up the viscerocranium

A
nasal
lacrimal
vomer
maxilla
zygoma
inferior conchae
mandible
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16
Q

which bone does not directly suture to the frontal bone

A

mandible

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17
Q

what is the pterion

A

suture point between the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid
weak point

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18
Q

what runs deep to the pterion

A

middle meningeal artery (MMA)

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19
Q

what may occur in children before the pterion closes

A

hydrocephalus
due to cartilage so can move to increase space and reduce pressure
In adult intercranial pressure will affect brain, deficits and death as pressure cannot be relieved

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20
Q

what is an aneurysm and haemorrhage

A

Aneurysm is weakness in blood vessel wall
Haemorrhage is the rupture of aneurysm
Pressure causes brain to shift due to compromised vasculature

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21
Q

what is a foramina

A

small hole

sites of exit (eg veins and cranial nerves) and entry (arteries)

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22
Q

what is cranial nerve I

A

olfactory

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23
Q

what is cranial nerve II

24
Q

what is cranial nerve III

A

oculomotor (move eye)

25
what is cranial nerve IV
Trochlear (muscle)
26
what is cranial nerve V
trigeminal (portions of the face) V1 ophthalmic V2 Maxillary V3 Mandibular
27
what is cranial nerve VI
Abducens (abduct eye)
28
what is cranial nerve VII
facial
29
what is cranial nerve VIII
Vestibulocochlear (inner ear)
30
what is cranial nerve IX
Glossopharyngeal (tongue)
31
what is cranial nerve X
Vagus (everything)
32
what is cranial nerve XI
accessory (shrug shoulders)
33
what is cranial nerve XII
hypoglossal (tongue)
34
what runs through the cribriform plate
Foramina | CN1
35
What runs through the optic canal
foramina | CN2, ophthalmic artery
36
what runs through the superior orbital fissure
CN3,4,6,5(V1)
37
What runs through the rotundum
CN5 V2
38
What runs through the ovale
CN5 V3, AMMA
39
What runs through the spinosum
MMA
40
What runs through the lacerum
carotid artery runs over the top
41
what runs through the internal acoustic meatus
CN7 and 8
42
what runs through the jugular foramen
CN9,10,11,IJV
43
What runs through the hypoglossal canal
CN12
44
What runs through the hypoglossal canal
CN12
45
What runs through the magnum
spinal cord
46
what are the cranial foramen
cribriform plate, optic canal, superior orbital fissure, rotundum, ovale, spinosum, lacerum, internal acoustic meatus, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal, magnum
47
what are therein arteries that supply the brain
internal courted artery and vertebral artery (L and R)
48
what do the main arteries supplying the brain do
the branches anastomose to form the cerebral arterial circle | aka circle of willis
49
what do the vertebral arteries do
enter at foramen magnum where they unite to form the basilar artery
50
Where is the common carotid found
deep to sternocleidomastoid useful pulsation point internal supplies brain external carotid supplies face
51
what forms the cerebral arterial circle
anastomosis between 2 internal carotid arteries and 2 vertebral arteries allow for collateral circulation
52
what does the cerebral arterial circle give rise to
anterior middle posterior -cerebral arteries
53
what does the anterior cerebral artery do
supplies medial and superior surfaces of the brain and frontal pole
54
what does the middle cerebral artery do
supplies the lateral surfaces and temporal pole
55
what does the posterior cerebral artery do
supplies the inferior surfaces and occipital pole
56
what causes strokes
embolism in cerebral artery as no anastomoses of cerebral arteries once in brain so no way to avoid ischaemia leading to neuro deficit
57
what is a mnemonic to remember the cranial nerves
Oh Oh Oh to touch and feel a girls vagina, so hot