Flashcards in Lecture 2 The Skull and Cranial Cavity Deck (57)
Loading flashcards...
1
what is the scalp
tissues covering the skull superficially
2
what makes up the scalp
Skin
Connective tissue (dense)
aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis muscle
Loose connective tissue
periosteum of the skull
3
Which layer of the scalp will contain the majority of the blood vessels supplying the tissues of the scalp?
dense connective tissue
4
what happens when the scalp is lacerated
bleed profusely
5
why does the scalp bleed profusely
dct unable to retract to original position so bv's stay open
Aponeurotic layer and loose connective tissue moves
6
what must happen when suturing the scalp
all layers closed in suturing
7
what is the skull
bony casing surrounding the brain
8
what makes up the skull
neurocranium
viscerocranium
9
what is the neurocranium
bones surrounding the brain
10
what is the viscerocranium
facial skeleton
11
how do the skull bones join
at sutures
form at 5y/o
12
what is the skull like before the sutures close
cartilaginous structures called fontanelles present
allow brain to move and grow
13
what makes up the neurocranium
most bones share names with lobe of brain they cover
parietal
occipital
temporal
sphenoid
frontal
ethmoid
14
what makes up the viscerocranium
nasal
lacrimal
vomer
maxilla
zygoma
inferior conchae
mandible
15
what makes up the viscerocranium
nasal
lacrimal
vomer
maxilla
zygoma
inferior conchae
mandible
16
which bone does not directly suture to the frontal bone
mandible
17
what is the pterion
suture point between the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid
weak point
18
what runs deep to the pterion
middle meningeal artery (MMA)
19
what may occur in children before the pterion closes
hydrocephalus
due to cartilage so can move to increase space and reduce pressure
In adult intercranial pressure will affect brain, deficits and death as pressure cannot be relieved
20
what is an aneurysm and haemorrhage
Aneurysm is weakness in blood vessel wall
Haemorrhage is the rupture of aneurysm
Pressure causes brain to shift due to compromised vasculature
21
what is a foramina
small hole
sites of exit (eg veins and cranial nerves) and entry (arteries)
22
what is cranial nerve I
olfactory
23
what is cranial nerve II
Optic
24
what is cranial nerve III
oculomotor (move eye)
25
what is cranial nerve IV
Trochlear (muscle)
26
what is cranial nerve V
trigeminal (portions of the face)
V1 ophthalmic
V2 Maxillary
V3 Mandibular
27
what is cranial nerve VI
Abducens (abduct eye)
28
what is cranial nerve VII
facial
29
what is cranial nerve VIII
Vestibulocochlear (inner ear)
30
what is cranial nerve IX
Glossopharyngeal (tongue)
31
what is cranial nerve X
Vagus (everything)
32
what is cranial nerve XI
accessory (shrug shoulders)
33
what is cranial nerve XII
hypoglossal (tongue)
34
what runs through the cribriform plate
Foramina
CN1
35
What runs through the optic canal
foramina
CN2, ophthalmic artery
36
what runs through the superior orbital fissure
CN3,4,6,5(V1)
37
What runs through the rotundum
CN5 V2
38
What runs through the ovale
CN5 V3, AMMA
39
What runs through the spinosum
MMA
40
What runs through the lacerum
carotid artery runs over the top
41
what runs through the internal acoustic meatus
CN7 and 8
42
what runs through the jugular foramen
CN9,10,11,IJV
43
What runs through the hypoglossal canal
CN12
44
What runs through the hypoglossal canal
CN12
45
What runs through the magnum
spinal cord
46
what are the cranial foramen
cribriform plate, optic canal, superior orbital fissure, rotundum, ovale, spinosum, lacerum, internal acoustic meatus, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal, magnum
47
what are therein arteries that supply the brain
internal courted artery and vertebral artery (L and R)
48
what do the main arteries supplying the brain do
the branches anastomose to form the cerebral arterial circle
aka circle of willis
49
what do the vertebral arteries do
enter at foramen magnum where they unite to form the basilar artery
50
Where is the common carotid found
deep to sternocleidomastoid
useful pulsation point
internal supplies brain
external carotid supplies face
51
what forms the cerebral arterial circle
anastomosis between 2 internal carotid arteries and 2 vertebral arteries
allow for collateral circulation
52
what does the cerebral arterial circle give rise to
anterior
middle
posterior
-cerebral arteries
53
what does the anterior cerebral artery do
supplies medial and superior surfaces of the brain and frontal pole
54
what does the middle cerebral artery do
supplies the lateral surfaces and temporal pole
55
what does the posterior cerebral artery do
supplies the inferior surfaces and occipital pole
56
what causes strokes
embolism in cerebral artery as no anastomoses of cerebral arteries once in brain so no way to avoid ischaemia leading to neuro deficit
57
