Lecture 20 - Exercise in Hot and Cold Flashcards
What are the mechanisms of heat loss?
- radiation (directly to environment)
- convection (skin to air)
- conduction (direct contact)
- evaporaton (breathing or sweating)
What are the mild heat illnesses?
- edema
- rash
- syncope
- cramps
What are the major heat illnesses?
- exhaustion
- stroke
Heat edema
Causes
peripheral vasodilation to produce heat loss leads to pooling of fluid in the distal body parts (hands and feet)
normal core temp
Heat edema
treatment
- elevate hands/feet
- compressive stockings
- hydration and salt intake
- no diuretics
7-14 days
Heat rash
Cause
sweating saturates skin and clogs sweat glands - leakage of sweat inter epidermis or dermis
normal core temp
Heat rash
treatment
- cool skin and prevent sweating
- loose, light clothing
- shower in cool water, let skin air dry
- mild anti-inflmmatory lotion
weeks
heat syncope
cause
orthostatic hypotension reuslting from peripheral vasodilatiion and venous pooling
normal core temp
heat syncope
symptom
low BP –> fainting
heat syncope
treatment
- supine position
- elevate legs
- hydration
- check injuries
- elevation of cardiovascular and CNS
heat cramps
Cause
not really understood (electrolyte depletion, sodim?)
normal or elevated core temp
prolonged exercise > 2 hrs
What are common muscle groups affected by heat cramps?
- thigh muscles
- calf muscles
- abdominals
- back
- shoulder
heat cramps
Treatment
- removal from activity
- hydration
- light stretching or massage
- cooling with ice
Heat exhaustion
Causes
elevated core temp (37-40)
Heat exhaustion
Symptoms and signs
- malaise
- fatigue
- dizziness
- heavy sweating
- headache
- comiting
- weakness
- cold or clammy hands
- tachycardia or hypotension
Heat exhaustion
Treatment
- remove from heat
- supine, elevate legs
- cool the body
- hydration
- monitor core temo
- seek medical if not feeling better in an hour
Heat stroke
cause
elevated core temp (40 degrees or higher)
Heat stroke
complications
- seizure
- hypotension
- arrtythmias
- damage to vital organs
- rhabdomyolysis
Heat stroke
Signs and symptoms
CNS distrubances:
- irritability
- ataxia
- confusion
- coma
- seizures
Heat stroke
Treatment
- asses ABCs
- reduce heat as quikly as possible (try to get to 38.9 within 30 minutes)
How can you prevent heat illnesses?
- education
- screening
- monitor those at high risk
- no exercising when sick
- RTS after febrile illness - observe carefully
- stay hydrated
- check weather conditions
- schedule outdoor activites
- wear sunscreen
- sleep, diet
- EAP
- ensure acclimatization
What are the IOC acclimatization guidelines?
minimum 1 week, optimal of 2 weeks of acclimatization before competiting in a hotter, more humid environment
What is hypoantremia?
drinking too much water
serum sodium levels <130mmol/L
Whaat are symptoms of hyponatremia?
- nausea
- vomiting
- seizure
- coma
- death
