Lecture 21 Flashcards
Why we Learn : 21st Century Skills
the learning cycle includes a cyclic appraoch of ….
- perception
- prediction
- action
- outcome
Newell 1986 said that human movement patterns arise from ….
interactions between task, environment and organismic constraints
constraints are both …… and ….
constraints are both restrictive and enabling
constraints …. and … on different timescales
constraints emerge and decay on different timescales
constraints shape the ways that degrees of freedom in a dynamical movement system are ..
constraints shape the ways that degrees of freedom in a dynamical movement system are configured
what is representative learning design (and example)
where you learn a skill in an environment that you will need in another environment in the future
like learning to swim in pool
why is posture a rate limiting constraint
posture is the foundation upon which movement is constructed, controlling posture has an important influence upon how skills are performed
why is posture very limiting for the rate that infants and children can learn new skills
postural control doesn’t reach mature levels until 8-9 years old
so this influences their readiness to learn complex skills
examples of task constraints
- equipment
- goals
examples of organism constraints
- strength
- confidence
examples of environment constraints
- friction
- social
what are direct influences on constraints
change directly influences movement pattern
example of direct influence on constraints using a learner skier
confidence, posture, snow conditions
what are indirect influences on constraints
more subtle influence on movement
example of indirect influence on constraints using a learner skier
ski clothes, pole length, temperature
what are emergent influences on constraints
influence grows stronger with learning
example of emergent influence on constraints using a learner skier
flexibility in hips, knees, ski eqiupment
what are decaying influences on constraints
influence degrades with learning
example of decaying influence on constraints using a learner skier
anxiety, people watching
what is the bioecological model by Urie Bronfenbrenner similar to
slightly similar to the constraints model
what overview does the bioecological model have of human development
holistic, longitudinal and contextual overview of human development
the bioecological model believes that interactions between individual and environment are
proximal processes
what are the 4 nested subsystems of the bioecological model
- microsystem
- mesosystem
- exosystem
- macrosystem
example of macrosystem
historical context
