Lecture 31

Question 1

the mountain of development by Clarke and Metcalf suggests what about injury

Answer 1

you slide down the mountain into a different stage and have to work your way back up

Question 2

the mountain of development by Clarke and Metcalf suggests what about aging

Answer 2

as you get older it is harder to climb mountains, you slide back down

Question 3

what is the reflex period

Answer 3

prenatal - ~6 months

Question 4

what is the concept of the mountain of development

Answer 4

as development time goes on we can climb the mountain with increased comprehension where being more skillful is at the top

Question 5

in the reflex period, reflexes are a primary mode of …..

Answer 5

stimulating the CNS / PNS and engaging exploration of the perceptual motor landscape

Question 6

three types of reflexes in the reflex period

Answer 6

primitive
postural
locomotor

Question 7

what are reflexes useful for assessing

Answer 7

neurological condition

Question 8

what are the survival / protection components of the primitive reflex

Answer 8

suckling

rooting (searching)

grasping

Question 9

example of rooting in the primitive reflex

Answer 9

light touch on checks = head turns

Question 10

what are the assessment methods of the primitive reflex

Answer 10

moro

startle

babinski

Question 11

what is the moro assessment

Answer 11

arms and legs extend outward, its hands open and its fingers spread

Question 12

what is the startle assessment

Answer 12

opposite to mono

Question 13

what is the babinski assessment

Answer 13

reflexively fan out and extend its toes

Question 14

what are examples of the postural reflex in the reflex period

Answer 14

head and body righting

labyrinthine righting reflex

pull up reflex

parachute reflex

Question 15

what is the head and body righting reflex in postural reflex

Answer 15

gently turning the infants head or body in either direction, the body or head will follow

Question 16

what is the labyrinthine righting reflex

Answer 16

enables upright posture

Question 17

what is the pull up reflex

Answer 17

baby in sitting position, holding caregivers hands, will flex or extend arms to remain upright if tipped forward of back

Question 18

what are parachute reflexes

Answer 18

protective and supportive, forward and downward

Question 19

Ester Thelen suggests that it is the …….. that drives the disappearance of the stepping reflex

Answer 19

interaction between various body systems

Question 20

stereotypies create …….. that help infants neural development

Answer 20

sensory experiences

Question 21

what is the reflexive / spontaneous period

Answer 21

10th fetal week - 2 years

Question 22

when is rudimentary behaviour

Answer 22

birth - 2 years

Question 23

in rudimentary behaviour, the development of what loop controls occur

Answer 23

open and closed loop control

Question 24

what is open loop control

Answer 24

fast, pre planned, ballistic actions

Question 25

what is closed loop control

Answer 25

slower, guided by sensory information

Question 26

what leads to slower sway in static posture

Answer 26

increased integration of sensory and motor information leads to slower sway

Question 27

embodied cognition = cognitive processes, including thinking, are deeply grounded in our bodily interactions with the .....

Answer 27

environment

Question 28

new postures are new....

Answer 28

affordances

Question 29

inital creeping (crawling with belly of the floor) involves what movement

Answer 29

homolateral movement

Question 30

who develops writing and drawing skills earlier and why

Answer 30

girls develop writing and drawing skills earlier than boys, due to earlier neurological maturity

Question 31

what period is fundamental movement skills

Answer 31

2 years - 6/7 years

Question 32

what are the characteristics of fundamental movement skills

Answer 32

- unique movement pattern - near universality of outcome - generalisation to a broad set of skills

Question 33

what do kids learn when they develop fundamental movement skills

Answer 33

IPA / CPA = integrative / compensatory postural adjustments APA = anticipatory postural adjustments

Question 34

what is an important rate limiter in context specific period

Answer 34

important rate limiter is the development of perceptual cognitive capabilities

Question 35

what is the compensation period

Answer 35

a time when the system adapts, or compensates for detrimentral changes in organismic constraints