Lecture 22 Flashcards

(37 cards)

1
Q

glycolysis and anaerobic respiration occur in the ___

A

cytoplasm

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2
Q

___ and ___ occur in the cytoplasm

A

glycolysis and anaerobic respiration

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3
Q

oxidation of pyruvate and the citric acid cycle occur in the ___

A

matrix

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4
Q

___ and the ___ occur in the matrix

A

oxidation of pyruvate and the citric acid cycle

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5
Q

during ETC:

how many types of proton pumps are there in the inner membrane of the mitochondria?

A

3

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6
Q

during ETC:

NADH transports electrons to proton pump ___

A

1

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7
Q

during ETC:

___ transports electrons to proton pump 1

A

NADH

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8
Q

during ETC:

FADH2 transports electrons to proton pump ___

A

2

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9
Q

during ETC:

___ transports electrons to proton pump 2

A

FADH2

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10
Q

during ETC:

an ETC carries electrons to proton pumps ___ and ___

A

2 and 3

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11
Q

during ETC:

an ___ carries electrons to proton pumps 2 and 3

A

ETC

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12
Q

during ETC:

oxygen is the final ___ ___

A

electron acceptor

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13
Q

during ETC:

___ is the final electron acceptor

A

oxygen

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14
Q

during ETC:

oxygen is the ___ electron acceptor

A

final

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15
Q

during ETC:

oxygen is the final ___ acceptor

A

electron

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16
Q

during ETC:

oxygen is the final electron ___

17
Q

proton gradient formation:

energy from the electrons powers the ___ ___

18
Q

proton gradient formation:

___ from the electrons powers the proton pumps

19
Q

proton gradient formation:

energy from the ___ powers the proton pumps

20
Q

proton gradient formation:

protons (from the matrix) form a gradient in the inner ___ ___

A

membrane space

21
Q

proton gradient formation:

protons (from the matrix) form a gradient in the ___ membrane space

22
Q

proton gradient formation:

protons (from the matrix) form a ___ in the inner membrane space

23
Q

proton gradient formation:

___ (from the matrix) form a gradient in the inner membrane space

24
Q

proton gradient formation:

protons (from the ___) form a gradient in the inner membrane space

25
chemiosmosis: protons flow thru the ___ ___
ATP synthase
26
chemiosmosis: ___ flow thru the ATP synthase
protons
27
chemiosmosis: proton flow thru the ATP synthase is used to make ___
ATP
28
chemiosmosis: ___ ... is used to make ATP
proton flow thru the ATP synthase
29
efficiency of respiration: ATP yield from 1 glucose molecule: ___ ATPs ___% efficiency, the max for eukaryotes
36 ATPs 38% efficiency
30
efficiency of respiration: usually, less than 36 ATPs are produced from 1 glucose molecule because
mitochondrial membrane leaks --> dissipates some of the proton gradient proton gradient is also used to drive other processes (sacrificing some ATP production)
31
diversity of life on earth is ___
vast
32
why we need a method to categorize and name organisms
allows scientists to communicate about organisms precisely provides method to show relationship b/n organisms (phylogeny) - how closely or distantly organisms are related
33
relationships (phylogeny): similar features allow us to:
group organisms together infer common ancestry can also infer that an organism is more closely related to one organism than another
34
difficulties in building family trees: similarities b/n organisms come in 2 types
homology | analogy
35
homology (definition and example)
similarities due to common ancestry | ex. foreleg of horse and cow
36
analogy (definition and example)
similarities due to a common type of solution to a survival problem ex. wings of a bat and wings of a fly
37
which type of similarity is more useful for building family trees?
homology