Lecture 24 Flashcards
Respiratory Foundations 1
upper respiratory system
- nasal cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
lower respiratory system
- trachea
- primary bronchi
- smaller bronchi
- bronchioles
- alveoli
function of the respiratory system
- O2 uptake
- Co2 release
- Homeostatic regulation of body pH
- conditioning the air
- protection (filtering & clearing foreign particles)
- vocalization
what are the steps of external respiration?
- atmospheric air to lung
- lung to blood
- gas travels in blood all over the body
- exchange of blood to cells
Why is the left lung smaller than the other?
the left has a space for the cardiac notch
What muscles are used for external respiration?
- internal intercostals muscles
extra - abdominal muscles
What muscles are used for internal respiration?
- diaphragm
- external intercostal muscles
extra - scalenes
- sternoclediomastroids
what the pleural membranes and where are they located?
Visceral Pleural Membrane
- on the lung
Parietal Pleural Membrane
- touching the ribcage
What are the pleural tissues made of and what is the function?
secretory epithelial and connective tissues
to lubricate the lungs allowing them to slide against each other and keeps the lungs inflated
What sticks the 2 membranes together?
the intrapleural membranes
main role of airways
- to filter out substances
- warm air to body temperature by adding water vapours
How is debris cleared in the respiratory tract
Goblet cells secrete mucus and to trap the debris and saline from submucosal gland helps cilla move into the pharynx
How can resistance by altered in the airways
the resistance can be changed by radius of the bronchioles bronchoconstriction and bronchodialation through paracrine and hormonal effects on smooth muscle.
What is a way resistance can be changed without body influence
The trachea and bronchi can NOT change the radius but obstructive lung diseases can cause an increase by reducing radius
What causes bronchodilation?
- CO2 activates paracrine
- SNS norepinephrine and epinephrine bind to B2 adrenergic receptors
