Lecture 2.4 - Describing Categorical Data - Best practices while graphing data - 2

Question 1

The area principle

Answer 1

1. Data displayed must follow the area principle.
2. The area occupied in a graph should correspond to the represented data.
3. Violations of the area principle can be misleading in statistics.

Question 2

Misleading graphs

violating area principle

Answer 2

1. Decorated graphics can violate the area principle.

Question 3

Misleading graphs

truncated graphs

Answer 3

1. Baseline of a bar chart should be at zero; deviation can misrepresent data.
2. If a y-axis break is necessary, show it to avoid misinterpretation.