Lecture 26

Question 1

What flows in and out of the krebs/citric acid cycle

Answer 1

carbons

Question 2

What does CO2 represent (lowest what)

Answer 2

lowest usable arrangement and is discarded

Question 3

Do the exiting carbons get replaced in the krebs cycle?

Answer 3

Yes, they are replaced in a constant cycle by the acetyl CoA synthesis

Question 4

How many turns of the krebs/ citric acid cycle happens per glucose molecule

Answer 4

2

Question 5

What makes the electron transport chain system occur

Answer 5

H+ pumps that form a proton gradient

Question 6

Complexes in the eletron transport chain

Answer 6

multi-protein complex, I,II,III,IV

Question 7

route of NADH through the electron transport chain

Answer 7

I,III,IV

Question 8

Route of FADH2 through the electron transport chain

Answer 8

II,III,IV

Question 9

What is found in the electron transport proteins

Answer 9

prothetic groups that contain iron (Fe2+) ions that help shuttle electrons

Question 10

How do prosthetic groups help shuttle electrons in the proteins in the electron transport chain

Answer 10

the electrons become temporarily part of the Fe2+ ion or are added to an oxygen group

Question 11

Types of prosthetic groups found in the proteins of the electron transport chain

Answer 11

FICC
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Flavoproteins
Iron-sulfur proteins
cytochromes
Coenzyme Q

Question 12

Flavoproteins have

Answer 12

have a partial FAD flavin mononucleotide (FMD)

Question 13

Iron-sulfur proteins have

Answer 13

have an Fe-S core attached to protein’s cysteines

Question 14

Cytochromes have

Answer 14

have a heme group with Fe at the center OR Fe with copper (Fe-Cu) at center

Question 15

Coenzyme Q is

Answer 15

non protein-bound (free-floating)
called ubiquinone

Question 16

How are electrons donated by coenzymes NADH and FADH2 moved

Answer 16

they are donated in a specific arrangement

Question 17

How are the protein complexes arranged in the electron transport chain

Answer 17

they are not in a row, they encounter each other floating across the mitochondrial membrane

Question 18

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

Answer 18

in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 19

How many ATP is made through the electron transport chain

Answer 19

38 total ATP, 34 through F-type ATP synthase and 4 through substrate level phosphorylation

Question 20

What does glycolysis depend on to make ATP?

Answer 20

depends on enzymes transferring phosphates from a substrate to an ADP

Question 21

What does the electron transport chain depend on?

Answer 21

requires free electrons to set up a gradient

Question 22

ATP synthase happens by

Answer 22

using the H+ or proton gradient made from electron transport chain

Question 23

In ATP synthase, how does it affect the subunits?

Answer 23

The H+ flow turns the gamma subunit which changed the shape of the beta subunit

Question 24

How many ATP per turn in the ATP synthase

Answer 24

3 ATP per turn

Question 25

H+ pumped due to one NAD+ makes how many ATP

Answer 25

3 ATP

Question 26

H+ pumped due to one FAD makes how many ATP

Answer 26

2 ATP

Question 27

The theoretical energy yield of ATP from one glucose molecule is

Answer 27

40% efficient
38 ATP, but realistically 32 ATP due to rounding up NADH and FADH2 contributions