lecture 3 Flashcards by Evelin Marquez

structure of the skin

-epidermis
-dermis
-hypodermis

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epidermis

outermost layer of skin that contains 5 layers

mainly for protection and water

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dermis

made up of vessels, arteries, and nerves (VAN)

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hypodermis

innermost layer with connective tissue, adipose cells, blood vessels, and nerves

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barrier function of the skin

protects against microorganism, chemicals, and physical damange

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pigmentation function of the skin

melanocytes produce melanin for skin color and UV protection

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temperature regulation function of the skin

blood vessels and sweat glands regulate body temperature

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sensation function of the skin

nerve endings perceive touch, pressure, pain, and temperature

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vitamin D synthesis function of the skin

sun exposure helps produce vitamin D for calcium absorption

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excretion and absorption function of the skin

skin can absorb substances and excrete waste products

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sebaceous gland

secrete sebum to lubricate skin and hair

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sudoriferous gland

produce sweat for thermoregulation and excretion

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effects of aging

thinning, loss of elasticity, reduced collagen production, decreased hair growth

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function of skeletal system.

provides structural framework for the body and protects internal organs

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what % of bone mass is compact bone

80%

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what % of bone mass is cancellous/spongy bone

20%

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what do bone membranes include

the periosteum which covers the shaft of long bones and the endosteum the lining of the medullary cavity

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what is ossification

the process of converting cartilage to bone

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primary center of ossification

the diaphysis (shaft)

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secondary center of ossification

in the epiphysis (ends)

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Which layer of the skin is responsible for protection against microorganisms, chemicals, and physical damage?

a) Epidermis
b) Dermis
c) Subcutaneous or Hypodermis
d) Stratum corneum

a) Epidermis

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What is the primary function of melanocytes in the skin?

a) Regulation of body temperature
b) Synthesis of vitamin D
c) Protection against microorganisms
d) Production of melanin for skin color and UV protection

d) Production of melanin for skin color and UV protection

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Which accessory structure of the skin produces sweat for thermoregulation and excretion?

a) Sebaceous glands
b) Sudoriferous glands
c) Hair follicles
d) Nails

b) Sudoriferous glands

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Which term refers to the chronic overgrowth of the epidermis, resulting in red, scaly patches?

a) Dermatitis
b) Psoriasis
c) Acne
d) Impetigo

b) Psoriasis

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5. What is the primary function of the skeletal system? a) Producing blood cells b) Providing a structural framework for the body c) Temperature regulation d) Synthesis of vitamin D

b) Providing a structural framework for the body

6. Which type of bone is dense and provides mechanical support and protection? a) Compact bone b) Spongy bone c) Yellow bone marrow d) Cancellous bone

a) Compact bone

7. Ossification is the process of converting: a) Cartilage to bone b) Blood to bone c) Bone to cartilage d) Fat to bone

a) Cartilage to bone

8. Which disorder is characterized by the abnormal growth of skin cells caused by UV radiation exposure? a) Dermatitis b) Psoriasis c) Skin cancer d) Acne

c) Skin cancer

9. Which joint classification is slightly movable? a) Fibrous joints b) Cartilaginous joints c) Synovial joints d) Saddle joints

b) Cartilaginous joints

10. Which skeletal disorder is characterized by a decrease in bone density and increased risk of fractures? a) Osteoporosis b) Osteomalacia c) Paget's disease d) Osteomyelitis

a) Osteoporosis

c1 to c7 refer to

vertebrae

cancellous refers to

spongy bone

the foramen and meatus are

openings

Injury to the epiphyseal disc of the tibia may

stunt the growth of the injured leg

what lies on the subcutaneous layer

dermis

which bone is formed by the ischium ilium and pubis

coxal bone

The humerous

is located in the arm

Which of the following substances makes the skin water resistant

keratin

what is the outer lining of the connective tissue that surrounds the diaphysis of a long bone and conatains the blood vessels that supply the bone

periosteum

which of the following is least true of the occipital bone

Contains the mastoid process and the external auditory meatus

the diaphysis is

composed primarily of compact bone

What is the color of skin that is supplied by oxygen poor blood

cyanotic

the hypodermis

is also called the subcutaneous layer

which bone is found in the skull but not in the cranium

mandible

the hair. follicle is

composed of epithelial cells

which bone is distal to the femur and proximal to the tibia

patella

A person sweats and becomes flushed while exercising to

lose heat

Radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation are terms that are concerned with

heat loss

the coronal suture forms an immovable joint between the parietal bones and which bone

frontal

Melanocytes

Secrete a tanning pigment in response to exposure to sunlight

Which of the following word(s) is (are) related to the ribs

true,false, and floating

fontanels

are present in fetal and infant skulls

periosteum

all of the above

The zygomatic bone

the cheekbone

the vertebrae prominens

the palatine process of this facial bone forms which anterior part of the hard plate

maxilla

structure that refers to the shaft of a long bone

diaphysis

which of the following is associated with the conservation of heat

blood vessels constrict

Which of the following describes exfoliation and desquamation?

the sloughing off by the stratum corneum of the dead cells

If the blood vessels of the skin dilate, the person appears

flushed

Osteoclastic activity

breaks down bone

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal refer to

vertebrae

What is the term that refers to the replacement of cartilage by bone?

ossification

The haversian system (osteon) is

the cylindrical arrangement of dense bone.

Which of the following is not true of the sphenoid bone?

Contains the foramen magnum

The humerous is a

bone of the upper limbs

which word best reflects the function of the epiphyseal disc

Longitudinal growth.

Which bone is described by the following: leg,shin, and medial malleolus

tibia

What is the classification of the intervertebral discs and the symphysis pubis?

slightly movable

What is the layer that insulates the body from extreme temperature changes in the external environment

subcutaneous layer