lecture 6 Flashcards by Evelin Marquez

Iodine is

Used by the adenohypophysis to synthesis TSH

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The adrenal cortex

secretes catecholamines

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what gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with our biological rhythms?

pineal gland

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Which gland is associated with “sugar, salt, and sex”?

adrenal cortex

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which gland secretes two hormones, one that elevates blood glucose levels and another that decreases blood glucose levels?

pancreas

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a deficiency of insulin causes

hyperglycemia

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what is most likely the effect of a deficiency of aldosterone?

low blood volume and hypotension

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calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

control plasma levels of calcium

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oxytocin

is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract, thereby assisting in labor

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what condition caused by impaired drainage of aqueous humor through the canal of schlemm that increases intraocular pressure

glaucoma

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Which structure connects the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis?

portal capillaries

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which cerebral lobe is concerned primarily with vision

occipital lobe

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ketosis and acidosis are

characteristic of diabetes insipidus

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cushing syndrome and addison’s disease are

forms of chronic adrenal cortical hypofunction

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which of the following is least characteristic of the function of insulin

increases the generation of ketone bodies

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cretinism, myxedema, and Graves’ disease are

disorders of thyroid gland function

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the secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. What is this interaction called?

negative feedback control

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aqueous humor

is drained though the canal of Schlemm

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What best describes the function of insulin

stimulates cells to make glucose

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PTH

lowers plasma calcium

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Iodine-containing hormones

Regulate the metabolic rate.

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adenohypophysis

refers to the anterior pituitary gland

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the beta cella of the islets of langerhans

are insulin-secreting pancreatic cells

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The islets of Langerhans

Secrete insulin and glucagon

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epinephrine increases blood glucose by

increasing transport of glucose into the cell

a hormone that suppresses gluconeogenesis

prevents hyperglycemia

Identify the glands associated with these hormones: gonadotropins, aldosterone, and epinephrine.

Anterior pituitary, adrenal cortex, Adrenal medulla

The anterior pituitary gland

Is connected to the hypothalamus by the portal capillaries

What is true of the hypothalamus

connected to the neurohypophysis by the portal capillaries

Insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, and oxytocin

are hormones

The adrenal cortex

is the target gland of ACTH

thyroxine

is TSH

Which of the following is descriptive of prolactin?

Also called lactogenic hormone

Abrupt, sudden, withdrawal of prednisone is most likely to cause

cushing syndrome

This cone-shaped gland is located in the head and is called the "biological clock."

Pineal

Posterior pituitary hormones causes the kidney to decrease its excretion of urine

ADH

Excess insulin is most apt to cause

hypoglycemia.

Which of the following is the most important effect of somatotropic hormone?

Growth of the musculoskeletal system

Which of the following steroids is an androgen?

Testosterone

rhodopsin

is necessary for the refraction of light by the lens

Which structure is attached to the lens, causing its shape to be changed?

Suspensory ligaments

The optic nerve

receives sensory information from the retina.

A cataract is a

cloudy lens

Is located in the posterior cavity of the eyeball

vitreous humor.

what is least related to the optic nerve

innervates the extrinsic eye muscles

the occipital lobe

receives information from cranial nerve lll

the ciliary muscle

change the shape of the lens

Rods

are concerned with night vision

Hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polyuria, and acidosis are

most apt to be caused by a deficiency of insulin.

Cretinism, myxedema, and Graves' disease are all

disorders of thyroid gland function.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

are secreted by the neurohypophysis.

The "melting of flesh into urine" is most descriptive if untreated

diabetes mellitus

virilization is characterized by

excess facial hair

"Sugar, salt, and sex" is descriptive of

cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone.

the pancreas

secrete hormones that affect blood glucose levels

Which of the following is not controlled by a hypothalamic-releasing hormone?

ADH

As plasma levels of calcium decrease

the parathyroid glands secrete an osteoclastic hormone.

ACTH stimulates the

adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol.

Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

are secreted by the gonads.

vitreous humor

found in the anterior cavity of the eyeball

The hypersecretion of which hormone is least likely to cause hyperglycemia?

insulin

not a function of insulin

promoting protein synthesis

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

is called a goiter.

the fovea centrails and macula lutea

are primarily responsible for night vision

Glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, and epinephrine

raise blood glucose levels.

Diminished drainage of aqueous humor through the canal of Schlemm

paralyzes the muscles of accommodation

ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins

hypothalamic-releasing hormones

Which of the following hormones exerts negative feedback control on the secretion of ACTH?

cortisol

A deficiency of dietary iodine

causes a goiter.

Which of the following is a function of parathyroid hormone?

It increases plasma levels of calcium.

This hormone stimulates osteoclastic activity, causing bone resorption.

PTH

Identify the hormones that are secreted by these glands: adrenal cortex, pancreas, and adenohypophysis.

Cortisol, insulin, growth hormone

glucagon

is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose.

Which of the following is not under the direct control of the pituitary gland?

Parathyroid secretion of PTH

Insulin

is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans.

Which of the following is the response to low plasma levels of calcium?

secretion of PTH

Which of the following are concerned with "sugar, salt, and sex"?

Glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgen

Steroids

include the glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens.

The only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels is

insulin.

Testosterone is best described as

virilizing.

The neurohypophysis

is the posterior pituitary gland.

Which of the following is true of both prolactin and oxytocin? Both

are concerned with lactation.

Hypocalcemic tetany

develops in response to a deficiency of parathyroid activity.

Catecholamines

include epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine.

Which of the following is least associated with the adrenal medulla?

Sugar, salt, and sex

mydriasis

refers to pupillary dialation

What is the stimulus for the release of insulin?

High plasma levels of glucose

T3, T4, and calcitonin are

secreted by the thyroid gland.

Identify the glands that secrete these hormones: glucagon, PTH, and TSH.

Pancreas, parathyroid, anterior pituitary

A deficiency of ADH most likely

induces polyuria.

The bones, kidneys, and intestine are target organs of this calcium-regulator hormone.

PTH

Is secreted by the adenohypophysis

Which of the following structures is located outside the eye?

conjunctiva

Hypocalcemic tetany

may be caused by a deficiency of PTH.

Excessive eating despite plenty of glucose in the blood is called

polyphagia

Which gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone?

Anterior pituitary gland

The adrenal medulla

secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

The person with _____ is most likely to receive insulin therapy.

hyperglycemia

The adrenal medulla

is associated with the fight-or-flight response.

TSH

is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

rods and cones are

visual receptors

The gel like substance that gently pushes the retina against the choroid and maintains the shape of the eyeball is

vitreous humor.

Which of the following is most likely to cause the secretion of calcitonin?

Elevated plasma calcium level

Aldosterone

is a mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex.

Cushing syndrome

may be caused by steroid (prednisone) therapy.

an anticholinegic drug such as atropine

causes the circular muscles to contract

This adrenal cortical mineralocorticoid helps regulate salt and water balance

Aldosterone

Which layer of the eyeball supplies blood to the retina?

choroid