Lecture 3

Question 1

What are the 5 functional spaces of the head?

Answer 1

cranial orbital ears nares oral

Question 2

What are the 3 organizations of the skull?

Answer 2

neurocranium- top and sides basicranium- protects underneath face -front

Question 3

What are the bones of the skull?

Answer 3

frontal bone nasal bone maxilla zygomatic bone Mandible inferior nasal concha temporal bone parietal bone occipital bone sphenoid bone Lacrimal bone palentine bones (last of hard palate) Vomer ethmoid bone

Question 4

What is the notch in the orbital of the eye and why is it important?

Answer 4

supra-orbital notch (foramen) important for nerve blocks for the forehead

Question 5

What is the foramen of the maxilla and why is it important?

Answer 5

infraorbital foramen important for local anesthetic for the lower eyelid to the upper lip and side of the nose (half an inch below orbital)

Question 6

What is the foramen of the mandible?

Answer 6

mental foramen important for nerve block lower lip and chin

Question 7

What is special about the occipital bone?

Answer 7

important for movement of the head bc it meets with spinal bones spinal column runs through it

Question 8

What is special about the lacrimal bone?

Answer 8

hold tears for when you fail your test

Question 9

What does the vomer bone do?

Answer 9

separates the nose into two septum

Question 10

What is the foramen magnum?

Answer 10

Passageway for spinal cord

Question 11

What nerve does the sphenoid bone provide passage for?

Answer 11

trigeminal nerve

Question 12

What does CN1 travel through to get to the nare?

Answer 12

the cribiform plates

Question 13

What is the sella turcica and what sits inside of it?

Answer 13

the pituitary gland, the depression in the sphenoid bone

Question 14

What are the foramen and the cranial nerves that they travel through?

Answer 14

See Slide 11

Question 15

What is the opening from the outside to the nose?

Answer 15

Nare

Question 16

what is the opening from the nose to the nasopharynx?

Answer 16

choanae

Question 17

What are the extra bones in the nose that separate the nasal pathway?

Answer 17

superior, middle, and inferior concha they come from the lateral walls

Question 18

What is the point of the concha?

Answer 18

increase the surface area for nasal endothelium (it is thick and spongy)

Question 19

What are the spaces created by the concha called?

Answer 19

superior, middle, and inferior nasal meatus

Question 20

What is important about the inferior nasal meatus?

Answer 20

It is were you would pass a nasogastric tube passes for anesthetic

Question 21

What is the spheno-ethmoidal recess?

Answer 21

where the CN1 comes down

Question 22

What makes up the nasal septum?

Answer 22

ethmoid bone, vomer, and septal cartilage

Question 23

How many vertebral bones are there?

Answer 23

33

Question 24

What are the regions of the vertebrae?

Answer 24

Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacral (5 fused) Coccygeal (4 fused)

Question 25

What are the types of curvatures of the spine?

Answer 25

Primary (1): kyphosis Secondary (2): lordosis functioning for center of gravity and upright posture with no muscular pressure

Question 26

What are the parts of a vertebra and function?

Answer 26

Vertebral body- (weight support, flexible joints between) vertebral (neural) arch- (surrounding and protecting spinal cord) Articular process (additional joints) Transverse process (sites of muscle attachment) spinous process (sites of muscle attachment)

Question 27

What does the vertebral arch include?

Answer 27

pedicle lamina (posterior)

Question 28

Where is the intervertebral foramen?

Answer 28

between pedicles (nerves leave the spinal cord here)

Question 29

What makes up a vertebral disc?

Answer 29

annulus fibrosis (fiber container) nucleus pulposis (gel inside)

Question 30

What is the nuchal ligament?

Answer 30

ligament in the cervical region goes from spine all the way close to skin support and balance of the head site of attachment for neck muscles

Question 31

What are the characteristics of the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 31

transverse foramen (vertebral arteries) bifid spine (nuchal ligament attachment) small body (less weight to support)

Question 32

What are the characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 32

costal articular facets (where ribs attach)

Question 33

What are the characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 33

large body (weight support)

Question 34

What cervical bone has a transverse foramen that the artery does not pass through?

Answer 34

C7

Question 35

What is C1 called and what makes it unique?

Answer 35

atlas atlantooccipital joint (meets the occipital bone) no body anterior and posterior arches transverse ligament hold C1 and C2 together

Question 36

What is C2 called and what makes it unique?

Answer 36

axis dens (odontoid process [body of c1 that got stuck])

Question 37

What is the yes joint?

Answer 37

atlantooccipital joint

Question 38

what is the no joint

Answer 38

atlantoaxial joints

Question 39

Identify the srtructure in green

Answer 39

basicranium

Question 40

Identify the yellow structure

Answer 40

neurocranium

Question 41

Identify the bone with the star

Answer 41

frontal bone

Question 42

Identify the structure with the star

Answer 42

supra-orbital notch foramen

Question 43

ID the structure with the star

Answer 43

nasal bone

Question 44

ID the structure

Answer 44

zygomatic bone

Question 45

ID the structure (star is meant to be on the hole)

Answer 45

infra orbital foramen

Question 46

ID the structure

Answer 46

mandible

Question 47

ID the structure (star is meant to be on the hole)

Answer 47

mental foramen

Question 48

ID the structure

Answer 48

maxilla

Question 49

ID the structure

Answer 49

inferior nasal concha

Question 50

Id the structure

Answer 50

temporal bone

Question 51

ID the structure

Answer 51

parietal bone

Question 52

ID the structure

Answer 52

occipital bone

Question 53

ID the structure

Answer 53

lacrimal bone

Question 54

ID the structure

Answer 54

greater wing (of sphenoid bone)

Question 55

ID the structure

Answer 55

vomer

Question 56

ID the structure

Answer 56

palatine bone

Question 57

Identify the foramen, bone, and cranial nerve (s) that exits here

Answer 57

foramen rotundum sphenoid bone maxillary nerve (V2)

Question 58

ID the foramen, bone, and the cranial nerve(s) that exits here

Answer 58

foramen ovale; sphenoid bone mandibular nerve (V3)

Question 59

ID the foramen and what exits this structure

Answer 59

foramen magnum spinal cord exits here

Question 60

ID the foramen, bone, and the cranial nerve(s) that exits here

Answer 60

internal acoustic meatus; temporal bone facial (VII) and vestibulocochlear (VIII)

Question 61

ID the foramen, bone, and the cranial nerve(s) that exit here

Answer 61

jugular foramen ; between temporal and occipital bone Glossopharyngeal (IX) Vagus (X) Accessory (XI)

Question 62

Only bone that is not part of ethmoid bone?

Answer 62

inferior concha

Question 63

separates left and right halves of the nasal cavity

Answer 63

nasal septum

Question 64

The vertebral column consists of ___ bones

Answer 64

33

Question 65

ID the type of vertebrae

Answer 65

cervical vertebrae

Question 66

ID the vertebrae

Answer 66

C1 (atlas)

Question 67

ID the veretebrae

Answer 67

C2 axis

Question 68

What space is accessed during spinal anesthesia?

Answer 68

subarachnoid space/lumbar cistern

Question 69

What meningeal layer of the spinal cord thickens to form the denticulate ligament?

Answer 69

pia mater

Question 70

Which layer of the spinal cord meninges is continuous with the epineurium?

Answer 70

dura mater

Question 71

vertebral bodies indirectly articulate with each other via the \_\_\_

Answer 71

intervertebral discs

Question 72

thick and prevents hyperextension of vertebral column

Answer 72

anterior longitundinal ligament

Question 73

weak and prevents hyperflexion

Answer 73

posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 74

extends between transverse processes

Answer 74

intertransverse ligament

Question 75

attaches between spinous processes of adjacent vertebra

Answer 75

interspinous ligament

Question 76

attach to tips of the spinous process of adjacent vertebra

Answer 76

supraspinous ligament