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Lecture 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the VSSP?

A

a workplace in which an image cna be stored and manipulated to guide behaviour

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2
Q

What is the VSSP responsible for?

A

The temporary maintenance of visual and spatial information

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3
Q

Which patient can be used as evidence for the VSSP and why?

A

Patient KF - reduced digit span but intact memory for images

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4
Q

What task is commonly used to test for visuo spatial ability and how does it work?

A

Corsi blocks task - remember the order in which blocks are tapped by an experimenter

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5
Q

What do dual task paradigms provide evidence of –> 2 ways of saying this?

A

Dissociation between digit span and block span/ PL and VSSP

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6
Q

What task involves a 4x4 grid?

A

Brooks Matrix Task (1967)

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7
Q

What does the Brooks Matrix Task involve?

A

Spatial (put a 2 to the right of the last number) and nonsense sentences (put a 2 to the quick o the number). Subjects remembered 8 spatial and 6 non-spatial –> spatial mapping added something

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8
Q

Who furthered the Brooks Matrix task and when?

A

Baddeley et al, 1975

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9
Q

What did the people who furthered Brooks Matrix Task do?

A

Performed concurrent distractor tracking task. Simultaneous tracking affects spatial version of hte task but not its non-spatial equivalent (nonsense sentences).

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10
Q

Three pieces of evdience for independent block and digit span processes involving intact patients?

A

Articulatory supression impairs digit but not block span
Brooks Matrix Task and Baddeley follow up
Smith et al 1996

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11
Q

Who has provided evidence of digit span and block span differences using PET?

A

Smith et al, 1996

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12
Q

What did Smith et al, 1996 show?

A

PET scanning suggests different neural basis for visual and verbal retention in intact PPs

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13
Q

Two bits of eveidence for dissociation between block and digit span in imparied patients?

A

PAtient KF

De Renzi & Michelli, 1975

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14
Q

What did DeRenzi & Michelli show in 1975

A

left hemisphere patients = impaired digit span, ok spatial span. Right = impaired corsi block span, ok digit span

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15
Q

Who has provided evidence of the VSSP having two separate systems?

A

Della-Sala et al, 1999

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16
Q

What were della-sala et al 1999’s tasks and interference tasks?

A

Corsi blocks –> following aptterns of pegs in pegboard by touch alone
Pattern matrix –> viewing colourful abstract tasks

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17
Q

What were della sala results?

A

Performance on both tasks was much worse if the interference type was the same type as the task

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18
Q

What is the visual span capacity and who showed us this?

A

4 objects - not based on features – Luck & Vogel 1997

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19
Q

Give a stat re features/objects in visual working memory and who’s is it?

A

Vogel et al, 2001 –> good recall of up to 16 features, if spread over 4 objects

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20
Q

What is the average spatial span and according to whom?

A

4-6 locations - Posner & Konick (1966)

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21
Q

Explain Kosslyn et al (1978) experiment

A

PPs learnt fictional map. Presented with pair of locations –> imagine spot moving from one to the other. Found a linear relationship between distance and reaction time –> Spatial WM may be involved in such spatail imagery

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22
Q

Which patient provides evidence of selective impairment in visuospatial tasks?

A

Patient ELD (Hanley et al, 2001)

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23
Q

What does patient ELD show us?

A

Evidence of selective imparimetn in VS tasks (Hanley & al 2001).

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24
Q

What was Patient ELD’s problem?

A

Right hemisphere damage

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25
What difficulties did she report?
Spontaneously reported difficulties recognising people hse had met since the illness and finding her way around new places
26
How did PAtient ELD do on various cognitive functioning tests?
Letter span> 7. Normal phon similairty effect. Brooks Matrix - 5 errors for nonsense, 20 for spatial. Corsi block span = 4 (control = 6).
27
What did Garden et al ,2002 experiment involve?
Route learning task while carrying out either a tapping task or repeating sequences of syllables
28
What were the results of Garden et als experiment?
2002 - Those who relied on spatial strategies = imparied by tapping and vice versa
29
Who did a chess experiment?
Robbins et al, 1996
30
What did the chess experiment find?
VSSP and CE suppression reduced memory recall of chess positions and slightly reduced move selection scores. Robbins et al 1996
31
What can induced chocolate craving cause?
can impair Corsi block task but not digit span task
32
What happens to cravings when carrying out visuospatial tasks and what does this mean?
Cravings are reduced and therefore craving involves VSSP (visual imagery)
33
What can tetris do and who wrote about this?
Can reduce emotional effects of viewing distressing images --> better than equivalent verbal tasks. Holmes et al, 2009
34
Who did hte abacus experiment?
Hatamo & Osawa (1983)
35
What did the abacus experiment show?
Experts used abacus', controls didn't. Digit span = markedly disturbed for experts when carrying out concurrent spatial task. Controls performance = more distracted by articulatory suppression.
36
What did Logie (1996) concludE?
Visual pursuit tracking is significnatly disrupted by blocking hte VSSP
37
What is the VSSP responsible for?
The temporary maintenance of visual and spatial information
38
Which patient can be used as evidence for the VSSP and why?
Patient KF - reduced digit span but intact memory for images
39
What task is commonly used to test for visuo spatial ability and how does it work?
Corsi blocks task - remember the order in which blocks are tapped by an experimenter
40
What do dual task paradigms provide evidence of --> 2 ways of saying this?
Dissociation between digit span and block span/ PL and VSSP
41
What task involves a 4x4 grid?
Brooks Matrix Task (1967)
42
What does the Brooks Matrix Task involve?
Spatial (put a 2 to the right of the last number) and nonsense sentences (put a 2 to the quick o the number). Subjects remembered 8 spatial and 6 non-spatial --> spatial mapping added something
43
Who furthered the Brooks Matrix task and when?
Baddeley et al, 1975
44
What did the people who furthered Brooks Matrix Task do?
Performed concurrent distractor tracking task. Simultaneous tracking affects spatial version of hte task but not its non-spatial equivalent (nonsense sentences).
45
Three pieces of evdience for independent block and digit span processes involving intact patients?
Articulatory supression impairs digit but not block span Brooks Matrix Task and Baddeley follow up Smith et al 1996
46
Who has provided evidence of digit span and block span differences using PET?
Smith et al, 1996
47
What did Smith et al, 1996 show?
PET scanning suggests different neural basis for visual and verbal retention in intact PPs
48
Two bits of eveidence for dissociation between block and digit span in imparied patients?
PAtient KF | De Renzi & Michelli, 1975
49
What did DeRenzi & Michelli show in 1975
left hemisphere patients = impaired digit span, ok spatial span. Right = impaired corsi block span, ok digit span
50
Who has provided evidence of the VSSP having two separate systems?
Della-Sala et al, 1999
51
What were della-sala et al 1999's tasks and interference tasks?
Corsi blocks --> following aptterns of pegs in pegboard by touch alone Pattern matrix --> viewing colourful abstract tasks
52
What were della sala results?
Performance on both tasks was much worse if the interference type was the same type as the task
53
What is the visual span capacity and who showed us this?
4 objects - not based on features -- Luck & Vogel 1997
54
Give a stat re features/objects in visual working memory and who's is it?
Vogel et al, 2001 --> good recall of up to 16 features, if spread over 4 objects
55
What is the average spatial span and according to whom?
4-6 locations - Posner & Konick (1966)
56
Explain Kosslyn et al (1978) experiment
PPs learnt fictional map. Presented with pair of locations --> imagine spot moving from one to the other. Found a linear relationship between distance and reaction time --> Spatial WM may be involved in such spatail imagery
57
Which patient provides evidence of selective impairment in visuospatial tasks?
Patient ELD (Hanley et al, 2001)
58
What does patient ELD show us?
Evidence of selective imparimetn in VS tasks (Hanley & al 2001).
59
What was Patient ELD's problem?
Right hemisphere damage
60
What difficulties did she report?
Spontaneously reported difficulties recognising people hse had met since the illness and finding her way around new places
61
How did PAtient ELD do on various cognitive functioning tests?
Letter span> 7. Normal phon similairty effect. Brooks Matrix - 5 errors for nonsense, 20 for spatial. Corsi block span = 4 (control = 6).
62
What did Garden et al ,2002 experiment involve?
Route learning task while carrying out either a tapping task or repeating sequences of syllables
63
What were the results of Garden et als experiment?
2002 - Those who relied on spatial strategies = imparied by tapping and vice versa
64
Who did a chess experiment?
Robbins et al, 1996
65
What did the chess experiment find?
VSSP and CE suppression reduced memory recall of chess positions and slightly reduced move selection scores. Robbins et al 1996
66
What can induced chocolate craving cause?
can impair Corsi block task but not digit span task
67
What happens to cravings when carrying out visuospatial tasks and what does this mean?
Cravings are reduced and therefore craving involves VSSP (visual imagery)
68
What can tetris do and who wrote about this?
Can reduce emotional effects of viewing distressing images --> better than equivalent verbal tasks. Holmes et al, 2009
69
Who did hte abacus experiment?
Hatamo & Osawa (1983)
70
What did the abacus experiment show?
Experts used abacus', controls didn't. Digit span = markedly disturbed for experts when carrying out concurrent spatial task. Controls performance = more distracted by articulatory suppression.
71
What did Logie (1996) concludE?
Visual pursuit tracking is significnatly disrupted by blocking hte VSSP
72
Who followed up Dellla Sala's results?
Klauer & Zhao (2004)
73
What did KLauer & Zhao (2004) do?
Series of experiments to further invesitgat teh dissociation. REsulst = evidence of existence of separate visual and spatial stores but also provided evidence for separate rehearsal mechanism for visual and spatial stimuli

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