Lecture 3

Question 1

Cytokine production

Answer 1

Soluble signals that coordinate immune cell function/activation

Question 2

Cytokines

Answer 2

Small soluble proteins rapidly secreted by one cell

Question 3

Cytokine function

Answer 3

Alter the behaviour/properties of cell itself or another cell

Question 4

Ways cytokines act (3)

Answer 4

1) Autocrine action: released, but bind to receptor on the cell that produced them
2) Paracrine action: released to effect nearby cells
3) Endocrine action: released into the bloodstream to effect distant cells

Question 5

Interleukin (IL)

Answer 5

• Type of cytokine
• General class of signals (small soluble secreted proteins) that can act between immune cells
• Has many different effects
• IL-2 & IL-6 = early alarm cytokines

Question 6

Chemokines

Answer 6

• Type of IL

- Some specifically signal cells to migrate towards the source of the chemokine (IL-8)

Question 7

Tumour necrosis factor family (TNF_)

Answer 7

• Battle cytokines secreted mainly by macrophages and T-helper cells
• TNF(alpha) = early alarm cytokine

Question 8

Interferons

Answer 8

Battle cytokines

Question 9

Alpha & beta interferons

Answer 9

Secreted by viral infected cells to warn neighbouring cells

Question 10

Gamma interferons

Answer 10

Battle cytokines secreted by T-helper cells to activate macrophages

Question 11

Opsonization

Answer 11

• Process where proteins “decorate” the bacteria to signal that if should be eaten
• Alteration of the pathogen or particle surface so that it can be engulfed by a phagocytic cell

Question 12

MAC

Answer 12

Membrane attack complex