Lecture 3 - Abdomen and intestines

Question 1

External oblique

Answer 1

• flexes muscles in anterior position on both sides
• if contracted unilaterally = rotation of trunk contra-laterally
• if contracted ipsilaterally = lateral flexion

Question 2

Internal oblique

Answer 2

• if contracted bilaterally = anteriorly flex trunk
• if contracted unilaterally = ipsilateral rotation or ipsilateral lateral flexion
• increases abdominal pressure and abdominal viscera

Question 3

where does rectus abdominus attach?

Answer 3

proximally attaches to Xyphoid process and 5th and 7th costal cartilages and is distal to pubic bone

Question 4

contraction of rectus abdominus

Answer 4

• when contracted bilaterally = flexes trunk
• when contracted unilaterally = ipsilateral flexion

Question 5

transversus abdominis

Answer 5

• keeps internal organs in place
• acts as solid band of tissue

Question 6

rectus sheath

Answer 6

• anterior portion is made up of external oblique
• posterior portion made up of internal oblique

Question 7

rectus sheath in relation to arcuate line

Answer 7

• above arcuate line the rectus sheath is formed
• below arcuate line, there is no posterior part of sheath

Question 8

foregut

Answer 8

extends from mouth to 2nd part of duodenum of small intestine while bile duct has its input. supplied by celiac trunk

Question 9

midgut

Answer 9

duodenum with bile duct to half way of transverse colon of large intestine. supplied by superior mesenteric artery

Question 10

hindgut

Answer 10

last portion of transverse colon to anus. supplied by inferior mesenteric artery

Question 11

what does small intestine include?

Answer 11

• duodenum (superior and descending)
• jejunum
• ileum

Question 12

what does large intestine include?

Answer 12

• transverse, ascending, sigmoid colon
• cecum
• rectum
• appendix
• anal canal

Question 13

plicae circulares

Answer 13

• slows down movement of food
• increases surface area for nutrient absorption
• they go all around the inferior side of small intestine

Question 14

mesentery

Answer 14

• its own organ
• double layer fold of peritoneum

Question 15

what does mesentery contain?

Answer 15

• jejunum, ileum, transverse and sigmoid colon
• blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves found between two layers

Question 16

appendices epiploica

Answer 16

• layers of peritoneum with fat inside of them on anterior and posterior part of colon
• can be present on cecum

Question 17

taenia coli

Answer 17

band of three longitudinal smooth muscles and when contracted, they create sacs called haustrations

Question 18

parietal vs visceral peritoneum

Answer 18

parietal line walls of abdominal and pelvic cavities
visceral are around contained organs/viscera

Question 19

intraperitoneal

Answer 19

if organ is covered on both sides with visceral peritoneum within peritoneum

Question 20

retroperitoneal

Answer 20

if organ is only covered by parietal peritoneum

Question 21

primary vs secondary retroperitoneal

Answer 21

primary means it is always been behind
secondary is where peritoneum went forward but now is behind during development.

Question 22

midgut during development

Answer 22

comes out of abdominal cavity and happens faster than development of abdominal cavity. midgut performs a rotation and as abdomen grows and becomes big enough to take intestines back inside

Question 23

what happens when organs come forward?

Answer 23

• go through abdomen wall and any viscera that takes peritoneum round anteriorly and posteriorly becomes intraperitoneal
• ascending and descending colon comes out to come around and becomes secondary intraperitoneal

Question 24

omphalocele

Answer 24

• gut has not be taken back into abdominal cavity
• malrotation of the gut