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Geriatrics > Lecture 3- Eyes and Ears > Flashcards

Lecture 3- Eyes and Ears Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

what causes decreased color vision?

A

Decreased function of rods and cones

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2
Q

What causes decreased light and adaptation to light?

A

Decreased pupillary size and reflex

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3
Q

WHat happens to the cornea as you age?

A

Loss of endothelial integrity

Posterior surface pigmentation

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4
Q

What happens to the lens?

A

Increased size and density leading to cataracts

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5
Q

What leads to presbyopia?

A

lens sclerosis

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6
Q

How are tear secretion affected with age?

A 
Decreased tearing (especially postmenopausal women)
Decreased lacrimal gland function
Decreased goblet cell (mucous) secretion
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7
Q

What direction do elderly have difficulty gazing ?

A

Upward and maintaing convergence

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8
Q

Optic neuropathy characterized by increased intraocular pressure (>21 mmHg) and destruction of retinal ganglion cells

A

Glaucoma

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9
Q

Type of glaucoma with Filtration angle remains open, but drainage of aqueous humor is impaired

A

open-angle

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10
Q

signs and symptoms of open angle glaucoma

A

Gradual loss of peripheral vision. Advances to tunnel vision

Fundoscopic changes, increased cup to disc ratio

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11
Q

type of glaucoma where Filtration angle narrows, blocking drainage of aqueous humor

A

Closed-angle glaucoma

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12
Q

Signs and symptoms of closed angle glaucoma

A

Blurred vision, halos around objects
Painful, red eye
Nonreactive pupil in mid-dilation
Cloudy cornea

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13
Q

Clouding and thickening of the lens resulting in visual impairment

A

Senile cataracts

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14
Q

Signs and symptoms of cataracts

A

Temporary shift toward nearsightedness
Decreased visual acuity, increased glare
Yellow-brown pigmentation
Absent red reflex

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15
Q

What causes the nearsightedness with cataracts

A

Nearsightedness is caused by increased refraction by lens. Known as index myopia.

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16
Q

Chronic eye disease that causes loss of central field of vision. Majority cause of vision loss in the elderly.

A

Age related macular degeneration

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17
Q

Type of MD caused by degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium preventing nutrient flow to macula. More benign clinical course and prognosis. Will have drusen

A

Dry Macular Degeneration

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18
Q

Exudative form of MD caused by neovascularization of choroidal capillaries, leaking blood and protein below the macula. More acute loss of vision

A

Wet macular degeneration

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19
Q

Walls of retinal vessels thicken

Vasospasms occur, causing focal narrowing

A

Hypertensive retinopathy

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20
Q

HTN retinopathy signs and symptoms

A

Copper wiring
AV nicking
Hemorrhages
Papilledema

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21
Q

Inward folding of eyelid, usually lower one

Eyelashes rub against and irritate cornea

22
Q

Outward turning of eyelid, usually lower one, with eyelid moving away from globe
Can lead to corneal exposure, tearing, keratinization of palpebral conjunctiva, and vision loss

23
Q

Drooping upper eyelid with eye in primary gaze due to anatomical changes of levator palpebrae superioris
Signs and symptoms

Study These Flashcards
A

Blepharoptosis

24
Q

test for glaucoma (open vs. closed angle)

25
Measures intraocular pressure
Tonometry
26
Detects defects in central vision
Amsler Grid
27
An umbrella term used to include the psychological and physical challenges that visual impairment presents to the aging individual. Highly correlated w/ depression and other comorbidities
Age-Related Psychoopthalmology (APO)
28
How can you treat glaucoma?
``` Surgical excision of a peripheral piece of iris Laser iridectomy Miotics Beta-blockers Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors ```
29
How do you treat macular degeneration?
Verteporfin photodynamic therapy (med eliminiated the extra blood vessels in the eye) Vascular endothelial growth factor antagonism (stop the promotion of angiogenesis)
30
How do you treat diabetic retinopathy
Blood-glucose control Blood pressure control Laser photocoagulation
31
What is more common, dry or wet Macular degeneration?
Dry MD
32
Which progresses faster- dry or wet macular degeneration.
Wet MD
33
Why may you not get a good fundiscopic exam with closed angle glaucoma?
Cloudy cornea
34
3 main parts of the auditory system
Peripheral auditory system Brainstem Cortical areas
35
occurs when there is a problem conducting sound waves anywhere along the route through the outer ear, tympanic membrane (eardrum), or middle ear (ossicles).
Conductive hearing loss
36
type of hearing loss in which the root cause lies in the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII), the inner ear, or central processing centers of the brain. Mainly caused by abnormalities in the hair cells of the organ of Corti in the cochlea
Sensorineural loss
37
what type hearing loss will you mainly see around age 65?
Sensorineural loss
38
3 main factors that enhance hearing loss
Previous middle-ear disease Vascular disease Exposure to noise
39
When does hearing loss start?
3rd decade of life
40
whispered voice test can detect hearing loss above what?
30 decibels
41
perception of a ringing, buzzing, hissing, or roaring sound in one or both ears.
tinnitus
42
what causes tinnitus ?
caused by damage to the tiny hairs on auditory cells within the inner ear.
43
Underlying conditions that may cause tinnitus
Removing impacted earwax Treating a blood vessel condition Changing medication (ex. aspirin) Cochlear implant
44
What drugs can help with tinnitus
Tricyclic antidepressants, such as amitriptyline and nortriptyline Alprazolam (Niravam, Xanax).
45
Symptoms of cerumen impaction
Diminished hearing (usually progressive as cerumen builds up) Feeling of blocked/plugged ear ± Ear pain ± Tinnitus
46
Calcification of the tympanic membrane that results in stiffening of the drumhead
TYMPANOSCLEROSIS
47
what may a clicking sound heard as tinnitus indicate
nerve of muscular abnormality
48
Abnormal bone growth in middle ear causes fixation of the ossicular chain. almost exclusively in whites association with pregnancy
OTOSCLEROSIS
49
Focal disorder of bone metabolism that occurs in the aging skeleton characterized by an accelerated rate of bone remodeling, resulting in overgrowth of bone at a single or multiple sites and impaired integrity of affected bone can lead to conduction and sensorineural loss if it affects the cochlea (similar to otosclerosis)
Paget Disease
50
Acquired cause of hearing loss producing cochlear damage (sensorineural loss)
ototoxic medication
51
What condition may have Reddish-blue TM (Schwartze’s sign) and nonmobile tympanic membrane.
otosclerosis
52
Hearing loss without any organic etiology | Usually related to psychological factors
PSEUDOHYPACUSIS

Geriatrics (18 decks)

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