Lecture 3 - Improving The Health Of The Population Flashcards
What are the 3 domains of public health?
Health improvement
Health protection
Healthcare Public Health
What is health promotion/imprvemt?
The process of enabling people to increase control over a nd to improve their health
What is heatlh?
Positive concept emphasising social and personal resources as well as physcial capacities
What is the virtuous cycle of public health?
1.Money is saved to invest
2. Health improves
3. Better health and more equality
4. Greater wellbeing
5. Less pressure on health and care services
1. Money is saved to invest, cycle continues
What are the steps in community development?
Addressing problems
Building on strengths
These can either be comminty lead or externally driven
What are the action areas of the Ottawa charter in imprvemtn of public health?
Personal skills
Community actions (community coming together and deciding what will benefit their health the most)
Supportive environments
Healthy public policy (Tax on tobacco)
Reorientation health services
What are the 3 levels of health prevention?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
What is primary health prevention?
Target audience:
Examples:
Preventing the onset of a disease by targeting the healthy population
Health promotion
Immunisation (MMR vaccine)
Smoking cessation
What is secondary health prevention?
Target audience:
Examples:
We are diagnosing a disease and slowing down the progression of a disease iin the ASYMPTOMATIC population
Screening (cancer screening)
Monitoring (NHS health checks)
Early treatment
What is tertiary health prevention?
Target audience:
Examples:
When we are trying to minimise the complication and the effects of the established disease in the SYMPTOMATIC population
Treatment and monitoring
Diabetic retinopathy screening
What is herd immmunity?
When enough people are vaccinated in a population so a disease is unable to circulate
Who is eligible for abdominal aortic aneurysm screening?
Men 65 and over
What is the process of cervical cancer screening?
Woman from 25-49 every 3 years
50-64 every 5 years
What are the potential harms of screening programs?
False negatives (you actually do have the disease but you’re told youo dont)
False positives (you dont have the disease but you’re told you do)
What is the difference between targeted and universal approaches ?
Universal - aims to reduce risk across the whole population (if a risk factor is common this is likely to have a bigger impact but hte benefit for each individual may be small)
Targeted - aims to identify those most at risk then tailor messages and approaches to that group or groups
