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Sem 4 - PASS > Lecture 5 - Intro To Public Health > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - Intro To Public Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Definiton of public health?

A

The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life. And promoting health through the organised efforts of society

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2
Q

What are the 3 domains of public health?

A

Health protection

Health improvement

Healthcare public health

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3
Q

What is the Definiton of health protection?

A

The protection of individuals, groups and populations through expert advice and effective collaboration to prevent and mitigate the impact of infectious disease, environemntal, chemical and radiological threats

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4
Q

What are the 3 domains of health protection?

A

Communicable disease control

Environmental public health

Emergency preparedness, resilience and repsonse

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5
Q

Why do we have health protection?

A

There are always threats to public health

Importnat to prevent the threats from having significant social and economic damage

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6
Q

What is the epidemiological triangle model?

A

Involves the interaction of:
-the host
-the agent
-the environment

To cause disease

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7
Q

What is the chain of infection?

A

Looks at how disease spreads through the epidemiological triangle model and then using that information trying to prevent the spread of disease

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8
Q

What is the source pathway receptor model?

A

Used for non infectious disease (environmental hazards)

A chain which links a source of disease to the pathway of disease to the receptor of disease

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9
Q

How can we use the source pathway receptor model to prevent disease?

A

Break one of the 3 things in the chain (source, pathway, receptro)

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10
Q

How can we use the source pathway receptor model to prevent disease?

A

Break one of the 3 things in the chain (source, pathway, receptro)

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11
Q

What are some direct modes of transmission?

A

Contact
Droplet

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12
Q

What are some indirect modes of transmission?

A

Airborne
Vehicle born
Vector borne

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13
Q

What are the ways that can considered an outbreak?

A

Two or more cases of infectious disease that are epidemiologicallly linked (plausibly transmitted)

Increase in cases of an infectious disease

Any case of infectious disease which doesn’t normally occur in that setting

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14
Q

What is a cluster?

A

An aggregation of cases that may be epidemiologically linked to

NOT ALL CLUSTERS ARE LINKED so not all are outbreaks

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15
Q

What are 3 main types of graphs that can be used to define an outbreak?

A

Point source
Propagated (disease with incubation period)
Extended

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16
Q

What is the R number of a disease?

A

Reproductive number of a disease

How many people a single case will go onto infect on average

17
Q

What R number is needed to get number of infections to drop?

A

R less than 1

18
Q

What is sensitivity?

A

How goood a test is at correctly identifying cases of a disease.

19
Q

What is specificity?

A

How good a test is at correctly identifying who doesn’t have the disease

20
Q

What is a positive predictive value?

A

How likely a positive result is to be true

21
Q

What is a negative predictive value?

A

How likely. A negative result is to actually be negative

22
Q

Slide 25:

What is the prevalence of COVID?

A

602/100000

23
Q

Slide 26:

What is the sensitivity of COVID?

A

462/602 = 76.8%

24
Q

Slide 26:

What is the specificity of COVID?

A

99100/99398 = 99.7%

25
Q

Slide 26:

What is the positive predictive value of COVID?

A

462 / 760 = 60.8%

26
Q

Slide 26:

What is the negative predictive value of COVID?

A

99100/99240 = 99.8%

27
Q

Work out all the values on slide 26

A
28
Q

Work out all the values on slide 27

A
29
Q

How do we know when there’s an outbreak??

A

Surveillance
Notification
Other information sources

30
Q

What are the aims of managing an outbreak?

A

Control spread of disease
Limit morbidity and mortality
Develop preventinve strategies
Evaluate and refine existing measures
Improve. Knowlegede of new and existing disease
Address public concern

31
Q

What are the 6 steps of managing an outbreak?

A

Assemble team
Verify outbreak exists
Find cases
Develop/test hypothesis
Implement control measures
Communicate findings

32
Q

How do you do a case control study?

A

You. Know who’s a case and you look backwards for a possible causative factor

33
Q

How do you do a cohort study?

A

You know the possible factors and you look forwards to see who becomes a case

34
Q

Slide 38:

Workout the odds ratio for having diarrhoea if had dodgy pate

A

1.5 / 0.25 = 6

Sem 4 - PASS (9 decks)

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