Lecture 3 - Inflammation and Repair Flashcards

Question

Acute inflammation vs Chronic inflammation

Answer 1

Acute - Rapid onset, short duration - Emigration of leukocytes, mostly neutrophils - Exudative Chronic - Longer duration - Mononuclear cells - macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells - Non-exudative, associated with fibrosis and scarring

Answer 2

Plasma cells: nuclei to side, lots of cytoplasm Neutrophils: polymorphic nuclei Lymphocytes: very little cytoplasm Macrophages: paler staining cytoplasm

Answer 3

Once inflammation is caused by a living organism (infection) Inflammation does NOT imply infection

Answer 4

1 - Barriers (skin, mucous membranes, secretions) 2 - Inflammatory Response (leukocytes, mediators) Both NON-specific 3 - Immune Response (humoral and cellular) Specific

Answer 5

1 - Mast Cell 2 - Macrophage 3 - Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte 4 - Clotting Factors, Kininogens and Complement Components 5 - Lymphocytes

Answer 6

1 - Recognition (of injurious agent) 2 - Recruitment (of leukocytes) 3 - Removal (of the agent) 4 - Regulation (control of the response) 5 - Resolution/Repair

Answer 7

Calor (heat), Rubor (redness), Dolor (pain), Tumor (swelling), Loss of function

Answer 8

1 - Margination 2 - Rolling 3 - Adhesion 4 - Diapedesis 5 - Chemotaxis 6 - Phagocytosis 7 - Killing

Answer 9

Mediators (selectins, ICAM, integrins, C3b, IgG)

Answer 10

1 - Opsonization 2 - Phagocytosis 3 - Lysosomal enzymes

Answer 11

1 - Fever (due to pyrogens) - Cytokines (TNF, IL-1) released by leukocytes - Prostaglandins from membrane phospholipids 2 - Leukocytosis (increase in number of WBC) 3 - Acute phase response (C-reactive protein/CRP and Mannose-binding lectin) act as an opsonin

Answer 12

Lymphangitis, marked by a painful red streak and regional lymphadenopathy

Answer 13

Histamine and Serotonin Histamine = Mast Cells Serotonin = Platelets They are the first mediators to be released after injury and cause vascular dilation and leakage.

Answer 14

Antigens induce an immune response Antibodies are produced in response to an antigen

Answer 15

2 heavy chains, 2 light chains Variable region (antigen binding, Fab) Constant end (receptor for attachment of phagocytic cells, Fc)

Answer 16

*IgM - first to appear (star shaped one) IgG - primary Ig in secondary immune response (only one that can cross the placental barrier) *IgA - principal Ig in external secretions (mucosal surfaces, tears, saliva, colostrum (looks like 2 Ig combines) IgE - plays an important role in immediate hypersensitivity reactions and parasitic infections IgD - activate B-lymphocytes

Answer 17

The activation of C3, which is cleaved by C3 convertase to C3a and C3b (opsonization). C3b forms C5 convertase which then cleaves C5 to C5a (chemotaxis) and C5b, initiating the assembly of MAC

Answer 18

C5a-9 = MAC C3b = opsonization C5a = chemotaxis C3a, C5a = vasodilation, increased vessel permeability (anaphylatoxins)

Answer 19

1. Complete Resolution 2. Healing by connective tissue replacement (fibrosis) 3. Progression of the response to chronic inflammation

Answer 20

1. Serous Inflammation (protein-poor/watery) 2. Fibrinous Inflammation (protein-rich ex: rheumatic fever) 3. Suppurative (Purulent) Inflammation (protein/cell-rich) 4. Abscess (localized collection of pus) 5. Cellulitis (facial planes of soft tissues) 6. Catarrhal (Seromucous) Inflammation (mucus-secreting cells, snot from nose) 7. Ulcerative Inflammation (ulcer)

Answer 21

-Autosomal recessive immune deficiency disorder 1. Poor chemotaxis 2. Poor Adhesion Leading to advanced periodontal diseases

Answer 22

Impaired chemotaxis/movement due to mutation of contractile proteins so they can't find intruder

Answer 23

Autosomal recessive associated with albinism Chemotaxis and phagolysosome formation are defective leading to recurrent infections, and platelet function is abnormal

Answer 24

X-linked and autosomal recessive Deficient NADPH oxidase in neutrophils and monocytes No H2O2 produced (no HOCl- produced)

Answer 25

Catalase-Negative organisms are killed (streptococcus species) Catalase-Positive organisms (staphylococcus aureus) are NOT killed (STAPH (+) is NOT killed, strep (-) is killed)

Answer 26

Absence of MPO in neutrophils and monocyte granules Resp. burst is normal and H2O2 is produced (unlike CGDC), but HOCl- is not synthesized

Answer 27

Chronic Granulomatous Disease of Childhood does not make H2O2, but MPO deficient individual still can. HOCl- is not produced in either.

Answer 28

Regeneration - growth of cells and tissues to replace lost structures - Continuously dividing tissues (LABILE) - Stable tissues (QUIESCENT) - Permanent tissues (NON-DIVIDING) Healing (scar formation) - variable proportions of two distinct processing - regeneration and scarring

Answer 29

Continuously dividing (blood cells, surface epithelium, GI tract epithelium -Most common forms of cancers arise from labile tissues

Answer 30

Stable tissues with a very low turnover rate, carried out by mitotic division of mature cells (viscera, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscles)

Answer 31

Non-dividing, generated during fetal life and never divide (neurons, cardiac myocytes)

Answer 32

Tissue is unable to regenerate (heart, brain) Underlying CT scaffolding is disrupted Following extensive exudates (organization)

Answer 33

Primary - occurs when wound margins are pulled together. ALL wound healing involve an inflammatory response even in the absence of infection Secondary - occurs when wound margins are NOT pulled together... wound contraction by myofibroblasts -Granulation tissue

Answer 34

Endothelial Cells, Fibroblasts, Myofibroblasts (contractile)

Answer 35

Keloid is excessive scar formation that grows BEYOND boundaries of the original wound (common in African Americans) Hypertrophic grows within the boundaries of the original wound

Answer 36

C-reactive protein/CRP Mannose-binding lectin

Lecture 3 - Inflammation and Repair Flashcards

(62 cards)