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ELM2 - respiratory > lecture 3 - lung function tests > Flashcards

lecture 3 - lung function tests Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 key techniques for assessing ventilation?

A

Blood gases, lung volumes/flows (spirometry/peak flow rates)

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2
Q

What is the key blood gas measurement that can assess ventilation?

A

PaCO2 (arterial partial pressure of CO2)

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3
Q

What are the 2 key things that spirometry measures?

A

Volume of air, and its speed (flow)

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4
Q

What are the 4 volumes that can be measured with spirometry

A

Tidal volume, Inspiratory reserve volume, Expiratory reserve volume, residual volume

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5
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs during normal, quiet ventilation

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6
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

The extra air that can be inspired if the external intercostal muscles are contracted to maximise ventilation

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7
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

The extra volume that can be expelled if the internal intercostal muscles are contracted maximal active expiration

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8
Q

What is residual volume?

A

The air remaining in the lungs after maximal expiration

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9
Q

What are the 4 capacities that be calculated via spiromtery?

A

Vital capacity, total lung capacity, inspiratory capacity, functional residual capacity

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10
Q

What is vital capacity, and how is it calculated?

A

The maximal volume of air from a max breath in to a max breath out - ERV + VT + IRV

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11
Q

What is total lung capacity, and how is it calculated

A

The total amount of air you can hold in your lungs - VC+ RV

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12
Q

What is inspiratory capacity, and how is it calculated?

A

The total amount you can breath in with maximum inspiration - VT + IRV

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13
Q

What is functional residual capacity, and how is it calculated?

A

Volume in the lungs at the end of normal, tidal expiration - ERV + RV

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14
Q

What are the 2 measurements made with forced spiromtery?

A

Forced vital capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1)

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15
Q

What pathologies can cause reduced Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1)?

A

Obstructive airways disease, small/scarred/fibrotic lungs

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16
Q

What type of lung disease does the FEV1/FVC ratio help to identify?

A

Obstructive lung disease - ratio<0.7

17
Q

What is the normal range for FEV1/FVC ratio?

A

> = 0.7

18
Q

What is the unit for Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR)?

A

L/min

19
Q

What is obstructive lung disease?

A

Increased resistance to airflow

20
Q

What is restrictive lung disease?

A

Reduced lung volume due to reduced compliance (stiff lungs) - lungs are less able to expand

21
Q

What are some examples of obstructive lung conditions?

A

Chronic bronchitis, emphysema/COPD, asthma

22
Q

What are some examples of restrictive lung conditions?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary oedema, chest wall deformity/muscle problems

23
Q

How does FVC change in patients with restrictive lung disease?

A

Decreased - reduced air can fit into the lungs

24
Q

How does FEV1 change in patients with restrictive lung disease?

A

Decreased, but proportionate to the decrease in FVC

25
Q

How does FEV1/FVC change in patients with restrictive lung disease?

A

Normal or increased

26
Q

How does FVC change in patients with obstructive lung disease?

A

may be decreased if there is air trapping, but not always - lungs can hold the same amount of air

27
Q

How does FEV1 change in patients with obstructive lung disease?

A

Reduced - obstruction makes it take longer to expel air from the lungs

28
Q

How does FEV1/FVC change in patients with obstructive lung disease?

A

Reduced to below 0.7

29
Q

Why do Functional Residual Capacity, Residual volume and Total lung capacity increase in severse obstructive lung disease?

A

Because of hyperinflation (breathing in more air) to compensate for poor flow

ELM2 - respiratory (12 decks)

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