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ELM2 - respiratory > lecture 5 - upper airways > Flashcards

lecture 5 - upper airways Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 components of the air conduction zone in the lower airways?

A

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles (excluding respiratory bronchioles)

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2
Q

What are the 2 components of the respiratory zone?

A

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar units

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3
Q

What is the shape of the trachea in a transverse section?

A

D-shaped

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4
Q

How many C-shaped tracheal cartilages are there?

A

15-20

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5
Q

What fills the gap between adjacent tracheal cartilages?

A

Fibrous CT - annular ligaments

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6
Q

What is the key feature of the annular ligaments of the trachea that reflect their function?

A

Elastic fibres - give elasticity to the wall of the trachea

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7
Q

What is the name for the division of the trachea?

A

Tracheal bifurcation

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8
Q

What does the trachea divide into at the tracheal bifurcation?

A

Right and Left primary bronchus

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9
Q

What is the name for the cartilage ridge found at the tracheal bifurcation?

A

Carina

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10
Q

Does the trachea lengthen or shorten during inspiration?

A

Lengthen (10cm -> 15cm)

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11
Q

How many secondary bronchi are there in the right lung?

A

3 - 1 per lobe

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12
Q

How many secondary bronchi are there in the left lung?

A

2 - one per lobe

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13
Q

How many tertiary bronchi are there in the right lung?

A

10

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14
Q

How many tertiary bronchi are there in the left lung?

A

8-9

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15
Q

Is the left or right main bronchus slightly longer?

A

Left

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16
Q

What are the names of the lobes of the right lung?

A

Superior, middle, inferior

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17
Q

What are the names of the lobes of the left lung?

A

Superior lobe, inferior lobe

18
Q

What is a pulmonary acinus?

A

A distal unit in the lung that contains structures where gas exchange occurs, including respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli

19
Q

What is the apex of the lung?

A

The upper tapered/pointed part

20
Q

What is the base of the lung?

A

The concave, inferior part that overlies the dome of the diaphragm

21
Q

What are the 3 surfaces of the lungs?

A

Costal surface, diaphragmatic surface, medial surface

22
Q

Where is the costal surface of the lung?

A

Sits on the lateral part and fits the thoracic wall formed by the sternum, ribs and costal cartilages

23
Q

What is the diaphragmatic surface of the lung?

A

The part on the inferior surface/base that fits the dome of the diaphragm

24
Q

What are the 2 parts of the medial surface of the lungs?

A

Mediastinal, vertebral

25
Q

What are the 2 fissures of the right lung?

A

Horizontal fissure, oblique fissure

26
Q

What is the fissure of the left lung?

A

Oblique fissure

27
Q

What does the hilum of the lung contain?

A

The lung root - which contains blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves and bronchi

28
Q

What structures are found in the lung root?

A

Blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves, bronchi

29
Q

What are the 2 specific features of the left lung?

A

Cardiac notch, lingula

30
Q

What are the subdivisions of the lobes of the lungs?

A

Pulmonary Segments

31
Q

What supplies each lung segment?

A

A segmental bronchus, branch of pulmonary artery, branch of a bronchial nerve

32
Q

What drains each lung segment?

A

Tributary of a pulmonary vein, tributary of a bronchial nerve, lympthatics

33
Q

What is the smallest functionally independent unit of the lung?

A

Pulmonary segment

34
Q

What arteries supply the bronchi and bronchioles?

A

Bronchial arteries

35
Q

What veins mostly drain the bronchi and bronchioles?

A

Pulmonary veins (some drainage via bronchial veins)

36
Q

Where inside the lung is lymph drained to?

A

Pulmonary lymphnodes

37
Q

Where does lymph drain to at the hila of the lungs?

A

Bronchopulmonary nodes

38
Q

What is main nerve supply to the lungs?

A

The pulmonary plexuses

39
Q

What is the function of sympathetic efferent nerve fibres in the lung?

A

Bronchodilation, vasocontriction

40
Q

What is the function of parasympathetic efferent nerve fibres in the lung?

A

bronchoconstriction, vasodilation

ELM2 - respiratory (12 decks)

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