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MICROBIOLOGY FINAL > Lecture 3 Part 4: Herpesvirus > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Part 4: Herpesvirus Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of envelope do herpesviruses have?

A

viral-glycoprotein rich envelope

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2
Q

What shape is the capsid of herpesviruses?

A

Icosadeltahedral capsid

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3
Q

What type of genome do herpesviruses have?

A

dsDNA viruses

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4
Q

Is the genome of herpesviruses linear or circular?

A

linear

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5
Q

How many subfamilies are herpesviruses divided into?

A

3

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6
Q

Where do herpesviruses replicate and assemble?

A

Replicated & assembled in the nucleus

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7
Q

Are herpesvirus infections usually benign or serious?

A

Herpesvirus infections are usually benign and asymptomatic but can be serious, especially in immunocompromised individuals

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8
Q

What areas can herpesviruses cause significant morbidity in?

A

significant morbidity in eye, brain & disseminated infections

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9
Q

Do herpesviruses have specific tissue tropism?

A

Some herpesviruses have highly specific tissue tropism

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10
Q

How are herpesviruses released from infected cells?

A

Released by lysis, exocytosis or cell-cell bridges

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11
Q

Slide 41

A
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12
Q

How many subfamilies are herpesviruses divided into?

A

3
alpha, beta, gamma

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13
Q

Name the 3 viruses belong to the Alpha subfamily of herpesviruses?

A
  • Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1)
  • Herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2)
  • Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV)
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14
Q

Name the 3 viruses belong to the Beta subfamily of herpesviruses?

A
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
  • Human Herpesvirus 6 & HHV-7
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15
Q

Name 2 viruses belong to the Gamma subfamily of herpesviruses?

A
  • Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
  • Kaposi’s Sarcoma-related Virus (HHV-8)
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16
Q

What type of cells does HSV infect during the lytic phase?

A

fibroblasts & epithelial cells

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17
Q

What type of cells does HSV infect during the latent phase?

A

non-dividing cells (neurons)

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18
Q

What are non-permissive cells in the context of HSV infection?

A

Cells that do not support full viral replication, such as neurons

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19
Q

Are early and late viral genes expressed during HSV latency

A

Early & late genes not expressed

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20
Q

What transcripts are produced during HSV latency?

A

latency-associated transcripts (LATs)

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21
Q

What is the function of LATs in HSV latency?

A

They produce micro-RNAs that inhibit viral gene expression

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22
Q

true or false
HSV can persist in sensory neurons like the trigeminal ganglia.

A

true

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23
Q

How does HSV avoid the host immune response during latency?

A

By remaining asymptomatic
blocking TAP, and expressing Fc and complement receptors

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24
Q

What triggers HSV reactivation from latency?

A

Systemic infection, fever, stress, sun exposure

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25
Which HSV type is associated with mucocutaneous lesions like cold sores and fever blisters?
HSV-1
26
What upper respiratory condition can HSV-1 cause?
Pharyngitis
27
Which HSV type cause eczema herpeticum?
HSV-1
28
Which HSV type is linked to encephalitis?
HSV-1
29
Name the clinical syndromes for HSV-1 hint: MPEE
1. Mucocutaneous lesions (cold sore, fever blister) 2.Pharyngitis 3. Eczema herpeticum 4. Encephalitis
30
Which HSV type causes genital herpes (sacral ganglion)?
HSV-2
31
What is a serious consequence of HSV-2 infection in newborns?
Neonatal HSV, often fatal
32
Why is neonatal HSV often fatal?
Because the newborn’s cell-mediated immunity is not fully developed
33
What is another name for Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)?
Chickenpox virus
34
What human herpesvirus number is VZV?
HHV-3
35
Which herpesvirus subfamily does VZV belong to?
Alphaherpesvirinae
36
What is the primary infection caused by VZV?
chickenpox
37
Which cells are involved in the primary VZV infection?
Epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and T cells
38
What is the recurrent infection caused by VZV?
herpes zoster (shingles)
39
Where does VZV establish latency?
In neurons, specifically in dorsal root or cranial nerve ganglia
40
What is the primary route of VZV transmission?
inhalation
41
Where does VZV replicate after entering the body?
In the mucosal epithelium
42
How does VZV spread between cells?
Through cell-to-cell spread via syncytium formation
43
How does VZV reach the skin to cause lesions?
It spreads by viremia to the skin, producing pox lesions
44
What subfamily of herpesviruses does EBV belong to?
gammaherpesvirinae
45
How many infection outcomes are associated with EBV?
3
46
What type of infection is the primary EBV infection?
Productive, lytic infection
47
Which receptor does EBV bind to during primary infection?
CR2 receptor
48
Which cells express the CR2 receptor that EBV targets?
Selected epithelial cells and B cells
49
What happens to viral genes during EBV’s primary infection?
Early and late genes are transcribed and translated
50
Where does EBV establish latent infection?
In memory B cells
51
When can latent EBV reactivate?
When the memory B cell is activated
52
Are early and late genes expressed during EBV latency?
no
53
What effect does EBV have on B cells besides latency?
It can immortalize B cells
54
What type of lymphoma is associated with EBV?
B cell lymphomas (African Burkitt lymphoma)
55
What carcinoma linked to EBV originates from epithelial cells and is common in China?
Nasopharyngeal carcinomas
56
What is another name for infectious mononucleosis?
kissing disease
57
How is EBV transmitted in infectious mononucleosis?
Through shedding of the virus
58
What immune cells are activated due to EBV infection?
B cells are activated first, leading to massive activation of T cells
59
What type of immunity is critical for controlling EBV infection?
T-cell-mediated immunity
60
What are some symptoms of infectious mononucleosis?
1. lymphocytosis (increases in mononuclear cells) 2. swelling of lymph tissue 3. malaise
61
What causes the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis?
The immune response, especially T-cell activation
62
What subfamily does CMV belong to?
Betaherpesvirinae
63
What type of genome does CMV have?
dsDNA virus but harbors mRNA transcripts in capsid
64
Name 4 permissive cells for CMV
fibroblasts epithelial cells granulocytes macrophages
65
Name 4 non-permissive cells where CMV establishes latency
monocytes lymphocytes bone marrow stromal cells
66
What kind of replication pattern does CMV have?
slow replication
67
In what type of individuals is CMV reactivated?
Immunocompromised individuals
68
Can CMV be shed asymptomatically?
yes
69
In which body fluids can CMV be shed?
saliva, tears, urine, breast milk, semen
70
What are two other names for HHV-6?
Roseola and herpes lymphotrophic virus
71
By what age are most people seropositive for HHV-6?
by adulthood
72
Where does HHV-6 replicate in the body?
in salivary glands
73
What are the typical symptoms of HHV-6 infection?
high fever followed by neck & trunk rash
74
In which cells does HHV-6 establish latent infection?
Lymphocytes (especially CD4+ T cells) and monocytes
75
When does HHV-6 become productive again?
upon T cell activation
76
What is another name for HHV-8?
Kaposi Sarcoma-related virus
77
Which herpesvirus subfamily is HHV-8 similar to?
Gammaherpesvirinae (like EBV)
78
What type of cancer is associated with HHV-8?
Rare B cell lymphoma
79
In which group of patients is HHV-8 considered an opportunistic infection?
AIDS patients
80
What HHV-8 protein promotes cell growth
IL-6 homologue
81
What HHV-8 protein prevents apoptosis?
Bcl-2 analog

MICROBIOLOGY FINAL (11 decks)

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