Lecture 3: Perceptual and Cognitive devlopment in early childhood Flashcards
Theory of mind
- ideas about connections between thoughts, beliefs, intentions, and behavior that create an intuitive understanding of the link between mind and behavior
cornerstone ToM
understanding that others see the same objective facts in a different light, because they interprete it in a different way
Stages in the Development of ToM
18-24 months
people have different desires
Stages in the Development of ToM
24-36 months
poeple have different beliefs
Stages in the Development of ToM
36 months
different experiences lead to different stages of knowledge
Stages in the Development of ToM
36 - 48 months
poeple’s behavior is based on their beliefs - even when they are wrong (false belief understanding)
Stages in the Development of ToM
48 - 60 months
poeple may feel one emotions but show another emotion
Knowledge systems of language
- Prosodogy
- Phonology
- Lexical and Semantics
- Morphology
- Syntax
- Pragmatics
Prosodogy
speech melody and rhythm
Phonology
Sound system
Lexicon and Semantics
Vocabulary and meaning of words
Morphology
form of language
Syntax
sentence structure and grammar
Pragmatics
Appropiateness
Modular design (language development)
mastery of one knowledge system is a prerequisite for the next compalx system
Development Prosodogy and Phonology
- Prenatal to 16 month
- segmentation of stream of speech, specializing in the phonology and prosody of the mother tongue
Development of Lexicon and Semantics
- From birth to 24 months
- Acquisition of vocabulary
Development of Morphology and Syntax
- 18 month - 3,5 years
- looking at complex sentence structures
Development of Pragmatics
- 2 months to 5 years
- turn taking and adjusting the speech to listeners- storytelling
Multilingualism
Fluency in or frequent use of more than one language
Monolingualism
Fluency in or frequent use of one language
Additive multilingualism vs. subtractive multilingualism
- both L1 (home laguage) and L2 (second language) are supported
- only L2 (second language) is supported
Benefitcs of multilingualism across lifespan (Children)
- metacognitive and metalingustic skills
- learning of new words
- early literacy skills
- attentional and executive control
Benefits of multilingualism across the lifespan (older adults)
- better executive functioning
- more efficient neural processing
- delayed onset of Alzheimer’s disease
