Lecture 3: Sites and Extent of Fractures Flashcards
(32 cards)
Does cancellous (spongy bone) withstand compression or tensile forces better?
resist tension better
A compression fracture aka ? is a fracture of cancellous bone or cortical bone?
wedge shaped fracture
cancellous bone
A bending force fractures which type of bone cancellous or cortical?
cortical
A bending force applied to cortical bone will cause a fracture on which side of the bend, convex or concave ?
convex
A bending force that causes a break will lead either to a ___ or ____ fx
transverse or oblique fracture
How does a cortical bone fx in children? and this is called?
Convex side will still fracture, however not the concave side
called a Greenstick fracture
What are 3 causes of fractures
Pathologic
Trauma
Stress or fatigue fx
Give 2 examples of pathologic fxs
Paget disease
Osteoporosis
What causes stress fractures
result of repetitive loading.
Where are stress fx most common?
lower body Tibia - 49% Tarsals 25% Metatarsals - 9% Femur - 7%
5 sites of fracture
Epiphyseal Diaphyseal Metaphyseal Intra-articular Fracture-disclocation
Percentage of fractures in children that involve the epiphyseal plate
30%
Name of the classification system used for epiphyseal fractures in children and how many grades make up this system
Salter-Harris Classification
5
Which grade fracture in children stunts growth
grade 5
The harris and salter classification of epiphyseal injury grade 1 consists of
epiphyseal slip only
The harris and salter classification of epiphyseal injury grade 2 consists of
a fracture through epiphyseal plate with a triangle of shaft attached
The harris and salter classification of epiphyseal injury grade 3 consists of
a fracture through the epiphysis extending into the epiphyseal plate
The harris and salter classification of epiphyseal injury grade 4 consists of
a fracture of epiphysis and shaft crossing the epiphyseal plate
The harris and salter classification of epiphyseal injury grade 5 consists of
damage to the epiphyseal plate also known as a crush injury
Transverse fractures of the growth plate are graded as
grade 1
Transverse Rarely fractures of growth plate which split obliquely into the metaphysis is graded as
type 2
Which grade is the most common type of fracture in children
grade 2
Transverse Most common fractures of growth plate which split obliquely into the epiphysis are what graded as
grade 3
Extend through bony epiphysis across the growth plate and into the metaphysis. Are graded as
Grade 4
