lecture 31

Question 1

plasma is made of…

Answer 1

-proteins (antibodies + immunoglobulin)
- other solutes
- H2O

Question 2

formed elements in blood are…

Answer 2

• platelets
• white blood cells
• red blood cells

Question 3

hematopoiesis is…

Answer 3

making new red blood cells from stem cells in bone marrow

Question 4

myeloid cells from hematopoiesis include…

Answer 4

• red blood cells
• innate immune cells, granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, platelets

Question 5

lymphoid cells from hematopoiesis include…

Answer 5

B and T lymphocytes (adaptive immune cells)

Question 6

what are neutrophils

Answer 6

• granulocyte
• 75% of all leukocytes, highly phagocytic, “eat and kill”
• in blood

Question 7

what are mast cells

Answer 7

• granulocyte in tissue
• line mucosal surfaces
• Release granules that attract white blood cells to areas of
  tissue damage

Question 8

monocytes vs macrophages

Answer 8

• monocytes in blood = low phagocytosis
• leave blood, develop into macrophages in tissues = high phagocytosis

Question 9

macrophage functions

Answer 9

1. Phagocytosis
2. Release of chemical messengers
3. Show information about pathogenic microbes to T
   cells (linking innate and adaptive immunity)

Question 10

what are dendritic cells

Answer 10

• linking innate and adaptive immune responses
• Found in low numbers blood and all tissues in contact with the environment
• phagocytic
• Most important cell type to help trigger adaptive immune
  responses

Question 11

How do cells of the immune system move around the body?

Answer 11

• carried in blood and lymph
• cells leave blood to enter tissues
• Lymph in tissues collects into
  lymphatic vessels. These drain
  lymph into lymph nodes.

Question 12

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns of virus?

Answer 12

• envelope
• nucleocapsid
• nucleic acid
• ssRNA
• dsRNA

Question 13

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns of bacteria?

Answer 13

• Cell wall: lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/endotoxins, lipoteichoic acid
• flagellin
• unmethylated CpG DNA

Question 14

how are Pathogen-associated molecular patterns detected

Answer 14

• toll like receptors
• some in phagolysosymes, some in cell membrane
• send messenges to nucleus, turn on functions to kill

Question 15

how is fever induced

Answer 15

• Pyrogens – released by cells of the immune system
• hypothalamus does it
• Phagocytes produce the chemical messenger interleukin-1 (IL-1) after ingesting bacteria
• enhances immune function and hostile to pathogen